ArticleHormones and behavior2019
Adaptation to single housing is dynamic: Changes in hormone levels, gene expression, signaling in the brain, and anxiety-like behavior in adult male C57Bl/6J mice.
Article in Hormones and behavior, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between cagemate number and risk of death in mice: a time-varying covariate analysis using Cox frailty models.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Sex- and skeletal muscle-specific gene expression response of histone 3 lysine 27-modifying enzymes by voluntary running in mice.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- The weekend warrior effect: Consistent intermittent exercise induces persistent cognitive benefits.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2024Article
- Deletion of Hsd11b1 suppresses caloric restriction-induced bone marrow adiposity in male but not female mice.The Journal of endocrinology · 2024Article
- Adolescent environmental enrichment induces social resilience and alters neural gene expression in a selectively bred rodent model with anxious phenotype.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Article
- A Double Hit of Social and Economic Stress in Mice Precipitates Changes in Decision-Making Strategies.Biological psychiatry · 2024Article
- Adolescent environmental enrichment induces social resilience and alters neural gene expression in a selectively bred rodent model with anxious phenotype.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure induces anxiety-like behaviour in male mouse offspring and aberrant glial differentiation of embryonic neural stem cells.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2023Article
- Individualized Housing Modifies the Immune-Endocrine System in CD1 Adult Male Mice.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Bouts of rest and physical activity in C57BL/6J mice.PloS one · 2023Article
- Mouse Models for Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis Initiation.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Physiologic and Behavioral Effects in Mice Anesthetized with Isoflurane in a Red-tinted or a Traditional Translucent Chamber.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2022Article
- Inhibition of mTOR signaling by genetic removal of p70 S6 kinase 1 increases anxiety-like behavior in mice.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Exploring Refinement Strategies for Single Housing of Male C57BL/6JRj Mice: Effect of Cage Divider on Stress-Related Behavior and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-Axis Activity.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
For basic research, rodents are often housed in individual cages prior to behavioral testing. However, aspects of the experimental design, such as duration of isolation and timing of animal manipulation, may unintentionally introduce variance into collected data. Thus, we examined temporal correlates of acclimation of C57Bl/6J mice to single housing in a novel environment following two commonly used experimental time periods (7 or 14 days, SH7 or SH14). We measured circulating stress hormones (adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone), basally or after injection stress, hippocampal gene expression of transcripts implicated in stress and affect regulation: the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), including the MR/GR ratio, and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). We also measured signaling in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The basal elevation of stress hormones in the SH14 group is accompanied by a blunting in the circadian rhythms of GR and FGF2 hippocampal gene expression, and the MR/GR ratio, that is observed in SH7 mice. Following mild stress, the endocrine response and hippocampal mTOR pathway signaling are decreased in the SH14 mice. These neural and endocrine changes at 14 days of single housing likely underlie increased anxiety-like behavior measured in an elevated plus maze test. We conclude that multiple measures of stress responsiveness change dynamically between one and two weeks of single housing. The ramifications of these alterations should be considered when designing animal experiments since such hidden sources of variance might cause lack of replicability and misinterpretation of data.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.