ArticlePloS one2019
Influence of early specialization in world-ranked swimmers and general patterns to success.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Transferability of the first-mover advantage to individual sports: a conceptual and theoretical analysis.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- Talent Identification: Time to Move Forward on Estimation of Potentials? Proposed Explanations and Promising Methods.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Focus on One Swimming Stroke or Compete in Multiple: How Much Specialization Is Needed to Become a World-Class Female Swimmer?Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Specializing When It Counts: Comparing the Dose-Time Effect of Distance Variety between Swimming and Track Running.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Early Specialization and Progress of Finalist Swimmers in World Championships and Olympic Games.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Variation vs. specialization: the dose-time-effect of technical and physiological variety in the development of elite swimmers.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Quantity of within-sport distance variety - what can pool swimmers and track runners learn from each other?Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Article
- Participation but not success in youth and junior World Championships is important for overall ranking in the biathlon World Cup during adult age.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Modelling performance by continents in swimming.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- From Junior to Elite in Soccer: Exploring the Relative Age Effect and Talent Selection in Spanish Youth National Teams.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Older or Wiser? Age and Experience Trends in 20 Years of Olympic and World Swimming Championships Open Water 10-km Races.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2021Article
- Swimming World Championships: Association between Success at the Junior and Senior Level for British Swimmers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Empirical Support for the Tenets of Sport Participation and Physical Activity-Based Models: A Scoping Review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2021Article
- Variation in competition performance, number of races, and age: Long-term athlete development in elite female swimmers.PloS one · 2020Article
- Competition-Based Success Factors During the Talent Pathway of Elite Male Swimmers.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2020Article
- Involvement in Multiple Race Events Among International Para and Non-disabled Swimmers.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2020Article
- Analysis of World Championship Swimmers Using a Performance Progression Model.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe primary goal was to examine the influence of early specialization on the performance of senior elite swimmers. Secondly, to provide information about the influence of swim style, distance, sex, status, country, years of high-level competition (YHLC) and age in swimmer's performance.
designData was obtained from International Federation of Swimming (FINA) regarding the participants 2006-2017 of junior and senior World Championships (WCs). The final filtered database included 4076 swimmers after removing those participating only in junior WCs.
methodCramer V coefficient, double and triple-entry tables were used to measure the relationship between the positions occupied in junior and senior phases. A One-Way ANOVA analysis was used to explain the variables time and rank between swimmers who participated in junior and senior WC or just in senior in all the distances and swim styles (SS). A univariate general linear model (GLM) was used to examine the association between time/rank and category (swimmers that participated previously in junior WC or not); YHLC; country; status (highest finishing position: final/semi-final/heats) and age.
resultsSignificant differences (p < .001) were found in the GLM, with Rank as dependent variable, for all the variables. Showing that swimmers that participated previously in junior categories obtained greater results in all the interactions, except in 1500m freestyle. Significant differences (p < .001) were found between the variables position and YHLC, showing the variable position improvements as swimmers attended more WCs.
conclusionCompeting in junior WC has a positive influence in achieve posteriori success in FINA WC. YHLC have a positive impact to achieve better positions.
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