Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31219079›Full record

SynthesisThe Indian journal of medical research2019

A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance of typhoidal

Carl D Britto, Jacob John, Valsan P Verghese, Andrew J Pollard

Open access · diamondAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The Indian journal of medical research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Prevalence ofInterdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Genomic Investigation ofMicroorganisms · 2023
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Characterisation ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  20. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Carl D BrittoDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Oxford & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
Jacob JohnDepartment of Community Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Valsan P VergheseDepartment of Paediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Andrew J PollardDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Oxford & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
Christian Medical College & Hospital · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background & objectives: The temporal trends in the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi in India have not been systematically reported. We aimed to systematically review the temporal AMR trends (phenotypic and molecular mechanisms) in bacterial isolates from patients with enteric fever over two decades in India. Methods: To identify trends in AMR in India, resistance patterns among 4611 individual S. Typhi isolates and 800 S. Paratyphi A isolates, reported from 1992 to 2017 in 40 publications, were analysed. Molecular resistance determinants were extracted from 22 publications and also reviewed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were sourced using a predefined search strategy from different databases. Results: The analyses suggested that multidrug-resistant (MDR) enteric fever was declining in India and being replaced by fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance. Mutations in gyrA and parC were key mechanisms responsible for FQ resistance, whereas MDR was largely driven by resistance determinants encoded on mobile genetic elements (plasmids, transposons). Interpretation & conclusions: The results reflect the effect of antimicrobial pressure which has been driving AMR in typhoidal Salmonella in India. Understanding these trends is important in planning future approaches to therapy, which serve as a baseline for assessment of the impact of new typhoid conjugate vaccines against these resistant organisms.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, BacterialAnti-Bacterial AgentsCiprofloxacinFluoroquinolonesHumansIndiaMicrobial Sensitivity TestsParatyphoid FeverSalmonella paratyphi ASalmonella typhiAnti-Bacterial AgentsCiprofloxacinFluoroquinolonesAntimicrobial resistanceenteric feverIndiaparatyphoidpreventiontyphoid

Identifiers

PMID31219079
PMCPMC6563740
OpenAlexW2948357527

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.