SynthesisCNS spectrums2020
Risk factors for recidivism in individuals receiving community sentences: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in CNS spectrums, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlations between life course trauma on perinatal outcomes of women on community supervision - a retrospective cross sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Association between neurodevelopmental disorders and recidivism among forensic outpatients under the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act in Japan: A retrospective cohort study.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- The Effectiveness of Germany's Compulsory Forensic Addiction Treatment: A Quasi-Experimental Study of Recidivism Using Matched Groups.International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology · 2026Article
- Health Outcomes of Women on Community Supervision in South Central Texas During the Perinatal Period.Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN · 2026Article
- Depression and Crime Across Different Neighborhoods in the Swedish General Population.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Incarceration Postpartum: Is There a Right to Prison Nurseries?Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Violent Crime Statistics in Korea by Mental Illness Status (2012-2022): Implications of Deinstitutionalization.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- Factors Affecting Recidivism in Children Drawn into Crime.Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Non-injection drug use among incarcerated people in Iran: Findings from three consecutive national bio-behavioral surveys.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- The Causes and Consequences of Stigma among Individuals Involved in the Criminal Legal System: A Systematic Review.Stigma and health · 2024Article
- Strategies for supervising people with mental illnesses on probation caseloads: results from a nationwide study.Health & justice · 2023Article
- Re-incarceration and associated social, structural and behavioural factors among people who use drugs in an urban Canadian setting.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Psychiatric disorders and reoffending risk in individuals with community sentences in Sweden: a national cohort study.The Lancet. Public health · 2023Article
- Are risk-need-responsivity principles golden? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of community correction programs.Journal of experimental criminology · 2023Article
- Relapses in Illicit Drug Use Among Probationers: Results in a Risk Group of Public Health Services in Bavaria.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Court-ordered inpatient psychiatric care in Switzerland: determinants of length of stay and treatment outcome.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Prison inmates with court-ordered treatments: are they really different?Annals of general psychiatry · 2022Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of mental health problems and their association with reoffending in a Dutch pre-trial prison cohort.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Rugby as a rehabilitation program in a United Kingdom Male Young Offenders' Institution: key findings and implications from mixed methods research.Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2020Article
- Measuring everyday adaptation after imprisonment: The post-release living inventory for ex-prisoners (PORLI-ex).International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe aimed to systematically review risk factors for criminal recidivism in individuals given community sentences.
methodsWe searched seven bibliographic databases and additionally conducted targeted searches for studies that investigated risk factors for any repeat offending in individuals who had received community (non-custodial) sentences. We included investigations that reported data on at least one risk factor and allowed calculations of odds ratios (ORs). If a similar risk factor was reported in three or more primary studies, they were grouped into domains, and pooled ORs were calculated.
resultsWe identified 15 studies from 5 countries, which reported data on 14 independent samples and 246,608 individuals. We found that several dynamic (modifiable) risk factors were associated with criminal recidivism in community-sentenced populations, including mental health needs (OR = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-1.6), substance misuse (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.9), association with antisocial peers (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.7), employment problems (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3-2.5), marital status (OR = 1.6, 95%: 1.4-1.8), and low income (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.4). The strength of these associations was comparable to that of static (non-modifiable) risk factors, such as age, gender, and criminal history.
conclusionAssessing dynamic (modifiable) risk factors should be considered in all individuals given community sentences. The further integration of mental health, substance misuse, and criminal justice services may reduce reoffending risk in community-sentenced populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.