ArticleMaternal and child health journal2019
On the Stability of Reported Pregnancy Intentions from Pregnancy to 1 Year Postnatally: Impact of Choice of Measure, Timing of Assessment, Women's Characteristics and Outcome of Pregnancy.
Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Provision of the progestogen-only pill by community pharmacies as bridging contraception for women receiving emergency contraception: the Bridge-it RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2021Trial
- Use of effective contraception following provision of the progestogen-only pill for women presenting to community pharmacies for emergency contraception (Bridge-It): a pragmatic cluster-randomised crossover trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2020Trial
- Discontinuation, switching and contraceptive failure patterns of long-acting reversible contraceptive users in Kenya: a quantitative study.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2025Article
- Predictors of Desire to Avoid Pregnancy: The Roles of Marital Satisfaction and Fear of Childbirth.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Psychometric Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Italian Version of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy Amongst Postnatal Women.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Psychometric evaluation of the desire to avoid pregnancy scale in India.Contraception · 2025Article
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- A Multidimensional and Longitudinal Exploratory Study of the Stability of Pregnancy Contexts in the United States.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) among a nationally representative sample of pregnant and postpartum women Ethiopia.Contraception: X · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Hindi version of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy among pregnant and postnatal women in urban India.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- Evaluating the Chichewa version of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy in Malawi: a validation update.BMC research notes · 2021Article
- Pregnancy intention data completeness, quality and utility in population-based surveys: EN-INDEPTH study.Population health metrics · 2021Article
- Contraceptive use and the intention to become pregnant among women attending the Brazilian Unified Health System.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesRetrospective, cross-sectional estimates of pregnancy intention, as used in the Demographic Health Survey (DHS), are the global norm. The London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) is a newer, psychometrically validated measure which may be more reliable. This paper assesses the reliability of the LMUP and the DHS question over the first postnatal year and explores the effects of maternal characteristics or pregnancy outcome on reported pregnancy intention.
methodsWe compared the test-retest reliability of the LMUP (using the AC coefficient) and DHS question (using the weighted Kappa) over the first postnatal year using data from Malawian women. We investigated the effect of maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcome using t-tests, Chi squared or Fisher's exact tests, and calculated odds ratios to estimate effect size.
resultsThe DHS question was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of unplanned pregnancies from 1-to-12 months postnatally; the LMUP was not. The LMUP had moderate to substantial reliability (0.51-0.66); the DHS had moderate reliability (0.56-0.58). The LMUP's stability was not related to any of the factors examined; the stability of the DHS varied by marital status (p = 0.033), number of children (p = 0.048) and postnatal depression (p < 0.001). Both underestimated unintended pregnancy postnatally vis-à-vis the LMUP in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: The LMUP is a more reliable measure of pregnancy intention than the DHS in the first postnatal year and does not vary by maternal characteristics or pregnancy outcome. The LMUP should become the gold-standard for measuring pregnancy intention and should be collected in pregnancy or at the first postnatal opportunity.
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