Observational studyJournal of neurovirology2019
Heterogeneity in neurocognitive change trajectories among people with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy in Rakai, Uganda.
Observational study in Journal of neurovirology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Cannabis Use on Cognition in People with HIV: Evidence of Function-Dependent Effects and Mechanisms from Clinical and Preclinical Studies.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Pooled it
- The Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Neurocognitive Outcomes Among People Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- International application of an optimized harmonization approach for longitudinal cognitive data in people with HIV.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2025Article
- Sex-specific associations between cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarkers and cognition in antiretroviral-naïve people with HIV in rural Uganda.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Imaging the translocator protein 18 kDa within cognitive control and declarative memory circuits in virally suppressed people with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Development of a refined harmonization approach for longitudinal cognitive data in people with HIV.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2025Article
- Mental health phenotypes of well-controlled HIV in Uganda.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Identification of Youthful Neurocognitive Trajectories in Adults Aging with HIV: A Latent Growth Mixture Model.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- HIV Disease Dynamics and Markers of Inflammation and CNS Injury During Primary HIV Infection and Their Relationship to Cognitive Performance.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2022Article
- Tablet-Based Cognitive Impairment Screening for Adults With HIV Seeking Clinical Care: Observational Study.JMIR mental health · 2021Article
- Improvement in depressive symptoms after antiretroviral therapy initiation in people with HIV in Rakai, Uganda.Journal of neurovirology · 2021Observational
- Assessment, prevalence, and correlates of frailty among middle-aged adults with HIV in rural Uganda.Journal of neurovirology · 2021Article
- Associations between Antiretrovirals and Cognitive Function in Women with HIV.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Article
- Sex-specific associations between cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory marker levels and cognitive function in antiretroviral treated people living with HIV in rural Uganda.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
- Prevalence of Severe Neurocognitive Impairment and Its Association with Socio-Demographics and Functionality Among Ugandan Older Persons: A Hospital-Based Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2021Article
- Connectome-based prediction of global cognitive performance in people with HIV.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2021Article
- Lifetime antiretroviral exposure and neurocognitive impairment in HIV.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Article
- Neurocognitive Effects of Antiretroviral Initiation Among People Living With HIV in Rural Uganda.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Considerable heterogeneity exists in patterns of neurocognitive change in people with HIV (PWH). We examined heterogeneity in neurocognitive change trajectories from HIV diagnosis to 1-2 years post-antiretroviral therapy (ART). In an observational cohort study in Rakai, Uganda, 312 PWH completed a neuropsychological (NP) test battery at two-time points (ART-naïve, 1-2 years post-ART initiation). All NP outcomes were used in a latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of PWH with similar ART-related neurocognitive change profiles. In a subset, we examined subgroup differences pre-ART on cytokine and neurodegenerative biomarkers CSF levels. We identified four ART-related change subgroups: (1) decline-only (learning, memory, fluency, processing speed, and attention measures), (2) mixed (improvements in learning and memory but declines in attention and executive function measures), (3) no-change, or (4) improvement-only (learning, memory, and attention measures). ART-related NP outcomes that are most likely to change included learning, memory, and attention. Motor function measures were unchanged. Subgroups differed on eight of 34 pre-ART biomarker levels including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-13, interferon-γ, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-10, and platelet-derived growth factor-AA. The improvement-only and mixed subgroups showed lower levels on these markers versus the no-change subgroup. These findings provide support for the need to disentangle heterogeneity in ART-related neurocognitive changes, to focus on higher-order cognitive processes (learning, memory, attention) as they were most malleable to change, and to better understand why motor function remained unchanged despite ART treatment. Group differences in pre-ART CSF levels provide preliminary evidence of biological plausibility of neurocognitive phenotyping.
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