ArticleOpen heart
Coronary artery calcium, HIV and inflammation in Uganda compared with the USA.
Article in Open heart. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Prevention of cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesPooled it
- Associations Between B-Cell Subsets and Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease in Ugandans With and Without HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The Association of Mild Kidney Disease With Coronary Artery Disease Is Stronger for People Living With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Characterization of Distinct Monocyte Subtypes and Immune Features Associated with HIV, Tuberculosis, and Coronary Artery Disease in a Ugandan Cohort Using Mass Cytometry.Pathogens & immunity · 2026Article
- Article
- Epidemiology of Coronary Atherosclerosis Among People Living With HIV in Uganda : A Cross-Sectional Study.Annals of internal medicine · 2025Article
- Low Prevalence of Coronary Artery Calcium in High Cardiometabolic Risk Kenyan Adults with and Without HIV: The ASANTE Study.Global heart · 2025Article
- Objectively Measured Physical Activity among People with and without HIV in Uganda: Associations with Cardiovascular Risk and Coronary Artery Disease.Global heart · 2025Article
- Objectively measured physical activity among people with and without HIV in Uganda: associations with cardiovascular risk and coronary artery disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular Risk in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency (HIV) Viremia Suppression in a Young, Mid-Eastern European Population - Preliminary Study.Vascular health and risk management · 2024Article
- Circulating plasma NT-proBNP predicts subclinical coronary atherosclerosis on CT angiography among older adults in Uganda.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- Sex-specific performance of the ASCVD pooled cohort equation risk calculator as a correlate of coronary artery calcium in Kampala, Uganda.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Sex modifies the association between HIV and coronary artery disease among older adults in Uganda.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Paucity of Coronary Artery Calcium Research in Low-Middle Income Countries: A Call to Action.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- Treated HIV Infection and Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Rural Uganda: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Observational
- Sex, HIV Status, and Measures of Cardiac Stress and Fibrosis in Uganda.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- Endothelial Dysfunction Is Related to Monocyte Activation in Antiretroviral-Treated People With HIV and HIV-Negative Adults in Kenya.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- HIV and pericardial fat are associated with abnormal cardiac structure and function among Ugandans.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the prevalence of detectable coronary artery calcium (CAC) among higher risk, older people living with HIV (PLWH) and uninfected persons in Uganda versus the USA, and second to explore associations of CAC with HIV-specific variables and biomarkers of inflammation. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 430 total subjects compared 100 PLWH on antiretroviral therapy and 100 age-matched and sex-matched HIV-uninfected controls in Uganda with 167 PLWH on antiretroviral therapy and 63 uninfected controls in the USA. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations with detectable CAC (CAC >0). Results: Compared with US subjects, Ugandans were older (mean age 56 vs 52 years) and were more likely to have diabetes (36% vs 3%) and hypertension (85% vs 36%), but were less likely to be male (38% vs 74%) or smokers (4% vs 56%). After adjustment for HIV serostatus, age, sex and traditional risk factors, Ugandans had substantially lower odds of CAC >0 (adjusted OR 0.07 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.17), p<0.001). HIV was not associated with CAC >0 in either country (p>0.1). Among all PLWH, nadir CD4 count was associated with the presence of CAC, and among Ugandans soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (p=0.044), soluble CD163 (p=0.004) and oxidised low-density lipoprotein (p=0.043) were all associated with the presence of CAC. Conclusions: Ugandans had a dramatically lower prevalence of any coronary calcification compared with US subjects. The role of HIV infection and inflammation as risk factors for subclinical coronary disease in sub-Saharan Africa merits further investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.