ArticleeNeuro
3D Electron Microscopy Study of Synaptic Organization of the Normal Human Transentorhinal Cortex and Its Possible Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease.
Article in eNeuro. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Misfolded Proteins and Cognitive Decline: Mechanistic Insights into Neurodegenerative Disorders.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Digging Deep into Alzheimer Disease: How Electron Microscopy Helps Elucidating Its Pathogenesis.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- The synaptic organization of the human temporal lobe neocortex by high-resolution transmission, focused ion beam scanning, and electron microscopic tomography.Anatomical science international · 2025Review
- Article
- Volume electron microscopy reveals 3D synaptic nanoarchitecture in postmortem human prefrontal cortex.iScience · 2025Article
- Volume electron microscopy analysis of synapses in primary regions of the human cerebral cortex.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Immunohistochemical field parcellation of the human hippocampus along its antero-posterior axis.Brain structure & function · 2024Article
- Cognitive synaptopathy: synaptic and dendritic spine dysfunction in age-related cognitive disorders.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Review
- Unambiguous identification of asymmetric and symmetric synapses using volume electron microscopy.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2024Article
- 3D synaptic organization of layer III of the human anterior cingulate and temporopolar cortex.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Immersion Fixation and Staining of Multicubic Millimeter Volumes for Electron Microscopy-Based Connectomics of Human Brain Biopsies.Biological psychiatry · 2023Article
- CLARITY increases sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence immunostaining in long-term archived human brain tissue.BMC biology · 2023Article
- Differential effects of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors on spontaneous inhibitory synaptic currents in spine-innervating double bouquet and parvalbumin-expressing dendrite-targeting GABAergic interneurons in human neocortex.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Cortical synapses of the world's smallest mammal: An FIB/SEM study in the Etruscan shrew.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2023Article
- Detecting Early Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease with Brain Synaptic Structural and Functional Evaluation.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Exploiting volume electron microscopy to investigate structural plasticity and stability of the postsynaptic compartment of central synapses.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Alzheimer's disease as a synaptopathy: Evidence for dysfunction of synapses during disease progression.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2023Review
- Neonatal exposures to sevoflurane in rhesus monkeys alter synaptic ultrastructure in later life.iScience · 2022Article
- Volume electron microscopy.Nature reviews. Methods primers · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The transentorhinal cortex (TEC) is an obliquely oriented cortex located in the medial temporal lobe and, together with the entorhinal cortex, is one of the first affected areas in Alzheimer's disease (AD). One of the most widely accepted hypotheses is that synaptopathy (synaptic alterations and loss) represents the major structural correlate of the cognitive decline observed in AD. However, very few electron microscope (EM) studies are available; the most common method to estimate synaptic density indirectly is by counting, at the light microscopic level, immunoreactive puncta using synaptic markers. To investigate synaptic morphology and possible alterations related to AD, a detailed three-dimensional (3D) ultrastructural analysis using focused ion beam/scanning EM (FIB/SEM) was performed in the neuropil of Layer II of the TEC in human brain samples from non-demented subjects and AD patients. Evaluation of the proportion and shape of asymmetric synapses (AS) and symmetric synapses (SS) targeting spines or dendritic shafts was performed using 3D reconstructions of every synapse. The 3D analysis of 4722 synapses revealed that the preferable targets were spine heads for AS and dendritic shafts for SS, both in control and AD cases. However, in AD patients, we observed a reduction in the percentage of synapses targeting spine heads. Regarding the shape of synapses, in both control cases and AD samples, the vast majority of synapses had a macular shape, followed by perforated or horseshoe-shaped synapses, with fragmented synapses being the least frequent type. Moreover, comparisons showed an increased number of fragmented AS in AD patients.
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