ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2019
A Prospective Study of Toenail Trace Element Levels and Risk of Skin Cancer.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Health Effects of Oral Exposure to Chromium: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Evidence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Trace Element Content in Fingernails of Vietnamese Men with Laryngeal Cancer: Cumulative Exposure Assessment.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Paving the Way to Elucidate Hg's Role in Tumorigenesis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Nail Amino Acid and Trace Element Profiles and Their Association with Clinical Severity in Nail Psoriasis.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Differential effects of mercury compounds on mutagenicity, genotoxicity and repair of UV-DNA damage.Toxicology · 2025Article
- Nanoemulsions in Skin Cancer Therapy: A Promising Frontier.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Serum Selenium Concentration as a Potential Diagnostic Marker for Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer: A Comparative Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Article
- Association between metal(loid)s in serum and leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2023Article
- Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for selenium.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- Skin cancer biology and barriers to treatment: Recent applications of polymeric micro/nanostructures.Journal of advanced research · 2022Review
- Innovation in the design of large-scale hybrid randomized clinical trials.Contemporary clinical trials · 2020Article
- Serum selenium level and cancer risk: a nested case-control study.Hereditary cancer in clinical practice · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFew epidemiologic studies have investigated trace element exposure and skin cancer risk.
methodsToenail levels of mercury, selenium, chromium, iron, and zinc were measured from 6,708 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2012) and 3,730 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2012) with data from prior nested case-control studies. Participants were free of skin cancer at toenail collection and followed for incident basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of skin cancer associated with the elements in each study. We calculated pooled multivariable HRs using a fixed-effects model. During 26 to 28 years of follow-up, 2,433 BCC, 334 SCC, and 130 melanoma cases were documented.
resultsHigher toenail mercury levels were associated with risk of BCC [pooled HR for top vs. bottom quintiles = 1.34 (95% CI, 1.18-1.52),
conclusionsOur prospective data found that increased toenail mercury concentrations were associated with increased skin cancer risk. IMPACT: If our novel findings are confirmed, mercury may play a role in skin carcinogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.