ReviewNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2020
Arousal and sleep circuits.
Review in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 264 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep and the Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Use Disorder: Unfortunate Bedfellows. A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of the orexin receptor antagonist, suvorexant, on sleep architecture in the early postoperative period following cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Bilateral transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of insomnia in breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Safety and pharmacodynamics of a single infusion of danavorexton in adults with idiopathic hypersomnia.Sleep · 2023Trial
- The sleep-wake cycle: molecular mechanisms, disorders, and therapeutic targets in the context of energy metabolism.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential of targeting the orexin (hypocretin) system in sleep disorders.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- A gradual and sustainable approach to diagnosing sleep and circadian disturbances in dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Impaired sleep resilience underlies transient neural instability in insomnia disorder.iScience · 2026Article
- Negative allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 ADX71743 increases wakefulness, reduces sleep, and alters stress-induced changes in the brain neurotransmitter levels.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The Pupil-Brain System at Rest: Spontaneous Pupil Fluctuations as Markers of Neuromodulatory and Network Dynamics.Psychophysiology · 2026Review
- Octopamine regulates neural circuits in the mushroom body and central complex, influencing sleep and arousal.iScience · 2026Article
- Noradrenergic input to hypoglossal motoneurons is mediated by interneurons located in prehypoglossal region.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2026Article
- Continuous theta burst stimulation improves sleep quality and thereby enhances athletic performance in athletes with sleep disorders: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2026Article
- Human narcolepsy is linked to degeneration of both locus coeruleus and hypocretin neurons.Nature communications · 2026Article
- In vivo multimodal neurochemical interfaces for real-time decoding of brain circuit.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Testing circuit-level theories of consciousness in humans.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2026Review
- Psychometric Validation of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) in Slovenia: Implications for Public Health Research and Practice.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Therapeutic Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Baichuan Baile Formula in Rodent Insomnia Models.Nutrients · 2026Article
- The bidirectional relationship between epilepsy and sleep: a narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Exogenous Melatonin as a Sleep-promoting Agent beyond its Chronobiotic Properties: A Scoping Review of its Effects on Key Sleep-wake Neurotransmitters.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Article
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The principal neurons of the arousal and sleep circuits are comprised by glutamate and GABA neurons, which are distributed within the reticular core of the brain and, through local and distant projections and interactions, regulate cortical activity and behavior across wake-sleep states. These are in turn modulated by the neuromodulatory systems that are comprised by acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, orexin (hypocretin), and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons. Glutamate and GABA neurons are heterogeneous in their profiles of discharge, forming distinct functional cell types by selective or maximal discharge during (1) waking and paradoxical (REM) sleep, (2) during slow wave sleep, (3) during waking, or (4) during paradoxical (REM) sleep. The neuromodulatory systems are each homogeneous in their profile of discharge, the majority discharging maximally during waking and paradoxical sleep or during waking. Only MCH neurons discharge maximally during sleep. They each exert their modulatory influence upon other neurons through excitatory and inhibitory receptors thus effecting a concerted differential change in the functionally different cell groups. Both arousal and sleep circuit neurons are homeostatically regulated as a function of their activity in part through changes in receptors. The major pharmacological agents used for the treatment of wake and sleep disorders act upon GABA and neuromodulatory transmission.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.