Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31214973›Full record

ArticleAttention, perception & psychophysics2019

Forget binning and get SMART: Getting more out of the time-course of response data.

Jonathan van Leeuwen, Jeroen B J Smeets, Artem V Belopolsky

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Attention, perception & psychophysics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed.

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  4. The temporal dynamics of visual attention.Journal of experimental psychology. General · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jonathan van LeeuwenDepartment of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. jvanleeuwen.work@gmail.com.
Jeroen B J SmeetsDepartment of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Artem V BelopolskyDepartment of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Funding

Open Research Area Grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research to Artem Belopolsky ORA 464-15-193
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many experiments aim to investigate the time-course of cognitive processes while measuring a single response per trial. A common first step in the analysis of such data is to divide them into a limited number of bins. As we demonstrate here, the way one chooses these bins can considerably influence the resulting time-course. As a solution to this problem, we here present the smoothing method for analysis of response time-course (SMART)-a complete package for reconstructing the time-course from one-sample-per-trial data and performing statistical analysis. After smoothing the data, the SMART weights the data based on the effective number of data points per participant. A cluster-based permutation test then determines at which moments the responses differ from a baseline or between two conditions. We show here that, in contrast to contemporary binning methods, the chosen temporal resolution has a negligible effect on the SMART reconstructed time-course. To facilitate its use, the SMART method, accompanied by a tutorial, is available as an open-source package.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsHumansPsychomotor PerformanceReaction TimeTime FactorsBinningPerception and actionReaction time methodsStatistics

Identifiers

PMID31214973
PMCPMC6856044

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.