ArticleJournal of neurovirology2019
The "milky way" galaxy of HIV-related central nervous system immune reaction syndromes.
Article in Journal of neurovirology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The boundaries between PML and PML-IRIS: difficult to define, pathology may predict.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Neuroradiology of acute pathologies in adults with hematologic malignancies: a pictorial review.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2023Review
- Neuroimaging Insights Into Early Stages of HIV-Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Case Report.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The landscape of central nervous system HIV infection is rapidly changing, leading to the recognition of a new constellation of overlapping syndromes and to a better insight for the elder ones. Among these, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) still poses several diagnostic and therapeutic challenges; nevertheless, recent developments in understanding PML in patients with multiple sclerosis may have benefitted HIV-positive patients suffering from PML too. We describe a peculiar case of PML-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) presenting a punctate pattern with "milky way" appearance on magnetic resonance imaging. Despite the fact that brain imaging and histopathology remain the mainstays for extricating through the expanding galaxy of HIV-related central nervous system dysimmune syndromes and although punctate pattern has been already well acknowledged as a suggestive finding of PML among patients on natalizumab, this radiological presentation is still poorly recognised in AIDS-related PML cases, leading to possible life-threatening diagnostic delays. This is also the first report about intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in AIDS-related PML-IRIS; the favourable clinical and radiological outcome of our case and the preliminary administrations of intravenous immunoglobulins in natalizumab-associated PML-IRIS from literature support probable benefits also among HIV-positive patients.
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