ArticleFrontiers in immunology2019
Higher CSF Levels of NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Associated With Poor Prognosis of Anti-N-methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytokine/chemokine levels in the CSF and serum of anti-NMDAR encephalitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- High Level of Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Heparan Sulfate and Hyaluronic Acid Might Be a Biomarker of Severity of Neuromyelitis Optica.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- The anti-NMDAR1 antibodies and IL-17 signaling pathway shape NMDAR encephalitis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of evidence-based nursing on functional outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke: A retrospective cohort study.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Sequelae of viral CNS infections including outcomes, mechanisms, and knowledge gaps.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Contributes to Seizure Susceptibility in Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: Evidence from Patients and a Mouse Model.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- NLRP3 inflammasome in neuroinflammation and central nervous system diseases.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Constituents fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in central nervous system diseases.Cell & bioscience · 2024Review
- Identifying the Anti-inflammatory Effects ofCombinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2024Article
- Increased serum phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio associated with the psychiatric symptom of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- [Recent research on cytokines associated with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2023Review
- The shed P2X7 receptor is an index of adverse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Identification of cerebrospinal fluid biomarker candidates for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: High-throughput proteomic investigation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Cytokine dynamics and targeted immunotherapies in autoimmune encephalitis.Brain communications · 2022Review
- Current Status of Biomarkers in Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Cerebrospinal Fluid IL-17A Could Predict Acute Disease Severity in Non-NMDA-Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- NLRP3 in the Cerebrospinal Fluid as a Potential Biomarker for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Community-Acquired Bacterial Meningitis in Adults.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of relapsing anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a retrospective, multicenter, self-controlled study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is accepted as an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a potent innate inflammatory mediator, can activate IL-1β and induce the migration of T helper cell into CNS. However, the possible role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis remains unclear. This study aims to determine the levels of NLRP3 and related cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients and to assess whether NLRP3 influences the clinical outcomes of this disease. Twenty-five patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, 12 viral meningoencephalitis patients and 26 controls with non-inflammatory neurological diseases were recruited. CSF NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Thirteen out of 25 patients were re-examed for the concentrations of NLRP3 and cytokines 6 months later. Our results showed significant increases of CSF NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. There were positive correlations between CSF NLRP3 inflammasome and cytokines in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. There was also a positive correlation between maximum modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores and CSF NLRP3 inflammasome in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. During follow-up, the decrease of mRS was positively correlated with the decrease of CSF NLRP3 inflammasomes. These results suggested that the level of CSF NLRP3 inflammasome could represent the severity of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and the reduction of CSF NLRP3 inflammasome could act as an indicator for the prognosis of this disease.
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