ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2019
Thyroid Hormone Action on Innate Immunity.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 71 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prognostic values of thyroid disorders in predicting COVID-19 composite poor outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes & metabolic syndrome · 2022Pooled it
- Thyroid disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.Diabetes & metabolic syndromePooled it
- Thyroid disease and hypothyroidism are associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Diabetes & metabolic syndromePooled it
- Mixture Effects Investigation of a Thyroid Hormone System-Specific Interaction with Azole Fungicides.Toxics · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Pituitary Axis Hormones and All-Cause Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Prospective Cohort Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Epigenetic Regulation of Immune Responses in Endocrine-Related Cancers and Its Role in Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Induction of type 2 and 3 deiodinase in the blood cells of critically ill patients.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Early-life exposure to PCBs and PFAS exerts negative effects on the developing central nervous system.Journal of hazardous materials · 2025Review
- Natural Killer Cells in Graves' Disease: Increased Frequency but Impaired Degranulation Ability Compared to Healthy Controls.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring How Adipose Tissue, Obesity, and Gender Influence the Immune Response to Vaccines: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Thyroid Hormone Pathways in Respiratory Diseases: Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and ischemic stroke-associated pneumonia: The role of FT3/FT4 ratio.PloS one · 2025Article
- A U-shaped non-linear association between serum uric acid levels and the risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Pre-treatment endocrine-nutritional signatures predict clinical benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in hematologic malignancies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Application of Human Plasma Targeted Lipidomics and Analysis of Toxic Elements to Capture the Metabolic Complexities of Hypothyroidism.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Research Advancements in the Interplay between T3 and Macrophages.Current medical science · 2024Review
- Identification of SNPs and Candidate Genes Associated with Monocyte/Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio in Duroc × Erhualian FInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Acute radiation skin injury in stage III-IV head and neck cancer: scale correlates and predictive model.World journal of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Association of hypothyroidism with outcomes in hospitalized adults with COVID-19: Results from the International SCCM Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS): COVID-19 Registry.Clinical endocrinology · 2024Observational
- In vitro and in vivo investigation of a thyroid hormone system-specific interaction with triazoles.Scientific reports · 2024Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The interplay between thyroid hormone action and the immune system has been established in physiological and pathological settings. However, their connection is complex and still not completely understood. The thyroid hormones (THs), 3,3',5,5' tetraiodo-L-thyroxine (T4) and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) play essential roles in both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Despite much research having been carried out on this topic, the available data are sometimes difficult to interpret or even contradictory. Innate immune cells act as the first line of defense, mainly involving granulocytes and natural killer cells. In turn, antigen presenting cells, macrophages and dendritic cells capture, process and present antigens (self and foreign) to naïve T lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissues for the development of adaptive immunity. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in T4 and T3 effects on innate immune cells. An overview of the state-of-the-art of TH transport across the target cell membrane, TH metabolism inside these cells, and the genomic and non-genomic mechanisms involved in the action of THs in the different innate immune cell subsets is included. The present knowledge of TH effects as well as the thyroid status on innate immunity helps to understand the complex adaptive responses achieved with profound implications in immunopathology, which include inflammation, cancer and autoimmunity, at the crossroads of the immune and endocrine systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.