ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2019
COX-2 Inhibitors, Aspirin, and Other Potential Anti-Inflammatory Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders.
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microglia associated research in depression: an exploratory trends analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of celecoxib in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- A double-blind, randomized controlled study of the effects of celecoxib on clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment in patients with drug-naïve first episode schizophrenia: pharmacogenetic impact of cyclooxygenase-2 functional polymorphisms.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Effect of Aspirin vs Placebo on the Prevention of Depression in Older People: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA psychiatry · 2020Trial
- Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia: A Comparative Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Aspirin alleviates long-term high-fat diet-induced depressive-like behavior in male mice via suppressing arachidonic acid-mediated microglial activation and neuroinflammation.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Associations of sedentary behavior and physical activity with sleep disorders in patients with osteoarthritis: The mediating role of inflammatory biomarkers.Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2026Article
- Does Administration of Low-Dose Aspirin Enhance the Efficacy of Psychotropic Drugs in Patients with Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Schizoaffective Disorder?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of Clinical Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorder with Biomolecules Involved in Lipid Metabolism, Inflammation and miRNAs.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Markers of neuroinflammation in the CSF of patients with difficult to treat psychiatric disease.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation and treatment resistance in major depressive disorder.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Traumatic Brain Injury: Advances in Diagnostic Techniques and Treatment Modalities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Immunological Approaches in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: A Historical Overview.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2025Review
- Changes in psychopathology and peripheral inflammation in schizophrenia patients initiating treatment with second-generation antipsychotics: a post-hoc analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Modulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by targeting GPR55 - new approaches in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Combined Treatment of Resveratrol- and Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice Seed Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exploration on the potential efficacy and mechanism of methyl salicylate glycosides in the treatment of schizophrenia based on bioinformatics, molecular docking and dynamics simulation.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- A Fast-Binding, Functionally Reversible, COX-2 Radiotracer for CNS PET Imaging.ACS central science · 2024Article
- Chronic Treatment withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Biomarkers of stress resilience: A review.Neuroscience applied · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammatory processes associated with persistent (chronic) infection have long been discussed as etiological factors in psychiatric disorders. Studies have found that people with major depression have higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, for example, IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein. In schizophrenia, many reports have described raised levels of cytokines, for example, IL-6; and meta-analyses have confirmed these findings. Microglia cells are important in inflammatory processes, and positron emission tomography studies have shown microglia activation in both depression and schizophrenia.As a consequence of the above findings, immunomodulation is widely discussed as a potential treatment approach in both major depression and schizophrenia. The COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib was found to have a significant positive effect on major depression, not only in single studies but also in meta-analyses. Celecoxib has also been studied in schizophrenia and has shown efficacy, in particular, in early disease stages. The mixed COX inhibitor aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) seems to have both protective and therapeutic effects on schizophrenia.This paper discusses the hypothesized role of inflammation in major depression and schizophrenia, including markers of inflammation; pertinent studies on celecoxib and aspirin; and additional immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.