ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2019
Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06322212 (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Blood Brain Barrier Improvement - A Randomized Clinical Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 139 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Blood Brain Barrier Improvement - A Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 236 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain metastases for Her2 positive breast cancer patients: a systematic review (on the behalf of Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology).La Radiologia medica · 2026Pooled it
- "Morphological, Functional, and Molecular Progression of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease".Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Review
- Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Impairment: Pathophysiology and Emerging Therapies.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Review
- Insulin resistance in the 21st century: new takes on an old problem-2025 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Antibody-Based Biologics for CNS Disorders.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the integrity of a human blood-brain barrier model in the absence of infection.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- Blood-brain barrier water permeability is elevated in type 2 diabetes and obesity: associations with cognitive function and metabolic markers.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Metabolic breakdown: Linking insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Is Elevated in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: Associations with Cognitive Function and Metabolic Markers.Research square · 2026Article
- Insulin and Incretin Receptor Agonists Reciprocally Alter Their Blood-Brain Barrier Permeabilities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Association of various insulin resistance surrogate markers with mortality risk in critically ill patients with ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Narrative Review "Dual Frontiers in Neurodegeneration: Pharmacological Synergies and Divergences in Parkinson's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus".Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Effect of a single exercise bout on fasting cerebral blood flow and brain insulin sensitivity in middle-aged to older adults.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Acute peripheral versus central inhibition of insulin receptors differentially alters cytokine and blood-brain barrier responses to an inflammatory stimulus.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- From Metabolism to Mind: The Cardio-Metabolic-Brain Axis and the Role of Insulin Resistance-A Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Heat Therapy: Targeting Health, Disease, and Disability.Comprehensive Physiology · 2026Review
- In Silico Development of Novel Quinazoline-Based EGFR Inhibitors via 3D-QSAR, Docking, ADMET, and Molecular Dynamics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Aptamer-Based Delivery of Genes and Drugs Across the Blood-Brain Barrier.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- TyG index and mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a review of current evidence.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Comorbidity Between Mood Disorders and Chronic Somatic Diseases, With a Focus on Cardiometabolic Disease, and Its Mechanistic Crosstalk.Depression and anxiety · 2026Review
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediates the communication between the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, CNS insulin resistance has been elucidated to play a role in neurodegenerative disease. This has stimulated a wealth of information on the molecular impact of insulin in the brain, particularly in the improvement of cognition. Since the BBB regulates the transport of insulin into the brain and thus, helps to regulate CNS levels, alterations in the BBB response to insulin could impact CNS insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the effect of insulin on some of the cell types that make up the BBB, including endothelial cells, neurons, astrocytes, and pericytes. We broadly discuss how these changes in specific cell types could ultimately impact the BBB. We also summarize how insulin can regulate levels of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, including amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau within each cell type. Finally, we suggest interventional approaches to overcome detrimental effects on the BBB in regards to changes in insulin transport.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.