ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Outflanking immunodominance to target subdominant broadly neutralizing epitopes.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antigen anisotropy: The overlooked geometric determinant of vaccine immunogenicity and fidelity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Mechanisms Underlying the Induction of Immunological Imprinting by RNA Viruses and Intervention Strategies.Viruses · 2026Review
- Systems-Scale Structural Modeling Reveals the Germline Architecture of Immunodominance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Vaccination of newborn monkeys with an influenza HA stem nanoparticle adjuvanted with R848 and AddaVax results in broadened HA recognition and increased antibody secreting cells to HA stem following H1N1 challenge.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Engineering Anti-Tumor Immunity: An Immunological Framework for mRNA Cancer Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Article
- Optimizing delivery in a multivalent subunit influenza vaccine using mixed polymeric microparticle degradation rates.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Human naïve B cells recognize prepandemic influenza virus hemagglutinins.Science immunology · 2025Article
- Computationally designed stem-epitope mimetics elicit broadly reactive antibodies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Influenza A Virus H7 nanobody recognizes a conserved immunodominant epitope on hemagglutinin head and confers heterosubtypic protection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Administration of antigenically distinct influenza viral particle combinations as an influenza vaccine strategy.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Improved efficacy of therapeutic HPV DNA vaccine using intramuscular injection with electroporation compared to conventional needle and needle-free jet injector methods.Cell & bioscience · 2024Article
- Vaccination against rapidly evolving pathogens and the entanglements of memory.Nature immunology · 2024Review
- A broadly applicable protein-polymer adjuvant system for antiviral vaccines.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Immune imprinting and next-generation coronavirus vaccines.Nature microbiology · 2023Review
- Self-amplifying mRNA seasonal influenza vaccines elicit mouse neutralizing antibody and cell-mediated immunity and protect ferrets.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- A functional group-guided approach to aptamers for small molecules.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Nanovaccines Displaying the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin in an Inverted Orientation Elicit an Enhanced Stalk-Directed Antibody Response.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Article
- Site of vulnerability on SARS-CoV-2 spike induces broadly protective antibody against antigenically distinct Omicron subvariants.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Rethinking next-generation vaccines for coronaviruses, influenzaviruses, and other respiratory viruses.Cell host & microbe · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A major obstacle to vaccination against antigenically variable viruses is skewing of antibody responses to variable immunodominant epitopes. For influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), the immunodominance of the variable head impairs responses to the highly conserved stem. Here, we show that head immunodominance depends on the physical attachment of head to stem. Stem immunogenicity is enhanced by immunizing with stem-only constructs or by increasing local HA concentration in the draining lymph node. Surprisingly, coimmunization of full-length HA and stem alters stem-antibody class switching. Our findings delineate strategies for overcoming immunodominance, with important implications for human vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.