ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
CAR-Based Strategies beyond T Lymphocytes: Integrative Opportunities for Cancer Adoptive Immunotherapy.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- A phase I trial of combination CAR-NK92MI immunotherapy by dual targeting MUC-1 and PD-L1 for patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors: focus on non-small cell lung cancer.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Anti-Her2 CAR-NK92 Cells and Their Exosomes: Generation, Characterization, and Selective Cytotoxicity Against Her2-Positive Tumor Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Engineering TME-gated inducible CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Review
- SynNotch CAR-T cell, when synthetic biology and immunology meet again.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Three-dimensional dynamics of mesothelin-targeted CAR.CIK lymphocytes against ovarian cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Harnessing Chimeric Antigen Receptor-engineered Invariant Natural Killer T Cells: Therapeutic Strategies for Cancer and the Tumor Microenvironment.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Review
- Gamma delta T-cell-based immune checkpoint therapy: attractive candidate for antitumor treatment.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- Immunotherapies against HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2023Review
- Correlation Analysis of Prognostic Gene Expression, Tumor Microenvironment, and Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Ovarian Cancer.Disease markers · 2023Article
- Efficacy of CAR-T immunotherapy in MET overexpressing tumors not eligible for anti-MET targeted therapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Article
- CSPG4 expression in soft tissue sarcomas is associated with poor prognosis and low cytotoxic immune response.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Generation and functional characterization of a multigene-modified NK101 cell line exerting diverse mechanisms of antitumor action.Oncoimmunology · 2022Article
- NK Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Their Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- State-of-Art of Cellular Therapy for Acute Leukemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Renaissance of armored immune effector cells, CAR-NK cells, brings the higher hope for successful cancer therapy.Stem cell research & therapy · 2021Review
- Allogeneic CAR T Cells: An Alternative to Overcome Challenges of CAR T Cell Therapy in Glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- Next-generation cell therapies: the emerging role of CAR-NK cells.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2020Review
- CSPG4-Specific CAR.CIK Lymphocytes as a Novel Therapy for the Treatment of Multiple Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Histotypes.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T lymphocytes (CAR Ts) produced impressive clinical results against selected hematological malignancies, but the extension of CAR T cell therapy to the challenging field of solid tumors has not, so far, replicated similar clinical outcomes. Many efforts are currently dedicated to improve the efficacy and safety of CAR-based adoptive immunotherapies, including application against solid tumors. A promising approach is CAR engineering of immune effectors different from αβT lymphocytes. Herein we reviewed biological features, therapeutic potential, and safety of alternative effectors to conventional CAR T cells: γδT, natural killer (NK), NKT, or cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. The intrinsic CAR-independent antitumor activities, safety profile, and ex vivo expansibility of these alternative immune effectors may favorably contribute to the clinical development of CAR strategies. The proper biological features of innate immune response effectors may represent an added value in tumor settings with heterogeneous CAR target expression, limiting the risk of tumor clonal escape. All these properties bring out CAR engineering of alternative immune effectors as a promising integrative option to be explored in future clinical studies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.