ArticleVector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)2019
Environmental and Sociological Factors Associated with the Incidence of West Nile Virus Cases in the Northern San Joaquin Valley of California, 2011-2015.
Article in Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Life-history traits associated to West Nile virus seroprevalence in wild birds: Lessons from the recent outbreaks in Spain.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Agriculture-urban interfaces, social vulnerability and climate change shape West Nile virus risk across the United States.Biology letters · 2026Article
- Thermal sensitivity in a symbiont: effect of elevated cyclic temperature exposure on Wolbachia density in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) embryos.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2026Article
- The paradoxical impact of drought on West Nile virus risk: insights from long-term ecological data.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- The Spread of the Mosquito-Transmitted West Nile Virus in North America and Europe.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Review
- Exploring the role of temperature and other environmental factors in West Nile virus incidence and prediction in California counties from 2017-2022 using a zero-inflated model.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Impact of climate change on the global circulation of West Nile virus and adaptation responses: a scoping review.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Article
- Two-step light gradient boosted model to identify human west nile virus infection risk factor in Chicago.PloS one · 2024Article
- Diversity and Species Composition of Midgut Symbiotic Bacteria inJournal of tropical medicine · 2024Article
- Invasive hematophagous arthropods and associated diseases in a changing world.Parasites & vectors · 2023Review
- Assessing the Influence of Climate on the Spatial Pattern of West Nile Virus Incidence in the United States.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Characterizing Areas with Increased Burden of West Nile Virus Disease in California, 2009-2018.Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Association of climatic factors with COVID-19 in Pakistan.AIMS public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Environmental and socioeconomic risk factors associated with the incidence of human West Nile virus (WNV) cases were investigated in the Northern San Joaquin Valley region of California, a largely rural area. The study included human WNV cases from the years 2011 to 2015 in the three-county area of San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and Merced Counties, and used census tracts as the unit of analysis. Environmental factors included temperature, precipitation, and WNV-positive mosquito pools. Socioeconomic variables included age, housing age, housing foreclosures, median income, and ethnicity. Chi-square independence tests were used to examine whether each variable was associated with the incidence of WNV cases using data from the three counties combined. In addition, negative binomial regression revealed that the environmental factors of temperature and precipitation were the strongest predictors of the incidence of human WNV cases, while the socioeconomic factor of ethnicity was a significant predictor as well, and is a factor to consider in prevention efforts. Source reduction of mosquito breeding sites and targeted prevention and education remain key in reducing the risk associated with WNV.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.