ArticleLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2019
Peripheral effects of vagus nerve stimulation on anxiety and extinction of conditioned fear in rats.
Article in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (ta-VNS) for Treatment of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Trial
- Right vagus nerve stimulation promotes motor cortical plasticity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Neuromodulation: Evolution from Bench to Bedside.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Paraventricular thalamic neurons respond to vagus nerve activation and modulate anxious behavior.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Article
- Pairing extinction training with vagus nerve stimulation reduces drug-seeking by altering activity in afferents to the medial prefrontal cortex.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cardiac vagal motor neurons.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Restores Cognitive Impairment in Morphine-Withdrawn Rats: Role of BDNF and Glial Cells in the Hippocampus.Addiction biology · 2025Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation rescues impaired fear extinction and social interaction in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Advice for translational neuroscience: move deliberately and build things.Bioelectronic medicine · 2025Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation for stroke rehabilitation: Neural substrates, neuromodulatory effects and therapeutic implications.The Journal of physiology · 2025Review
- Electroacupuncture and vagus nerve stimulation are emerging therapies for hyperemesis gravidarum management.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in drug-resistant epilepsy: a single-center prospective real-world study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Effects of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the P300: Do Stimulation Duration and Stimulation Type Matter?Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Modulates Synaptic Plasticity in the Infralimbic Cortex via Trk-B Receptor Activation to Reduce Drug-Seeking in Male Rats.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- REM disruption and REM Vagal Activity Predict Extinction Recall in Trauma-Exposed Individuals.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The gut-brain axis and cognitive control: A role for the vagus nerve.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2024Review
- Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) modulates synaptic plasticity in the rat infralimbic cortex via Trk-B receptor activation to reduce drug-seeking.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Timing of vagus nerve stimulation during fear extinction determines efficacy in a rat model of PTSD.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Determination of the Effects of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the Heart Rate Variability Using a Machine Learning Pipeline.Bioelectricity · 2022Article
- Acute Vagus Nerve Stimulation Facilitates Short Term Memory and Cognitive Flexibility in Rats.Brain sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) enhances extinction of conditioned fear in rats. Previous findings support the hypothesis that VNS effects on extinction are due to enhanced consolidation of extinction memories through promotion of plasticity in extinction-related brain pathways however, alternative explanations are plausible. According to one hypothesis, VNS may produce a hedonic effect and enhance extinction through counter-conditioning. According to another hypothesis, VNS reduces anxiety during exposure and this weakens the association of conditioned stimuli with aversive conditioned responses. The present set of experiments (1) used conditioned place preference (CPP) to identify potential rewarding effects associated with VNS and (2) examined the peripheral effects of VNS on anxiety and extinction enhancement. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically implanted with cuff electrodes around the vagus nerve and subjected to a CPP task in which VNS and sham stimulation were each paired with one of two distinct contexts over the course of 5 d. Following this procedure, rats did not show a place preference, suggesting that VNS is not rewarding or aversive. The role of the peripheral parasympathetic system in the anxiolytic effect of VNS on the elevated plus maze was examined by blocking peripheral muscarinic receptors with intraperitoneal administration of methyl scopolamine prior to VNS. Methyl scopolamine blocked the VNS-induced reduction in anxiety but did not interfere with VNS enhancement of extinction of conditioned fear, indicating that the anxiety-reducing effect of VNS is not necessary for the extinction enhancement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.