ArticleBMC public health2019
Clinical and immunological failure among HIV-positive adults taking first-line antiretroviral therapy in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Including the Household: Individual, Community and Household Factors Affecting Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence After ART Initiation in Cape Town, South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2024Trial
- The effect of oral probiotics on CD4 count in patients with HIV infection undergoing treatment with ART who have had an immunological failure.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Trial
- Incidence, survival, and risk factors for first-line antiretroviral therapy failure among adults on ART follow-up in health facilities in Southwest Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2023: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Magnitude and factors associated with virological failure among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective chart review.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Virological treatment failure and associated factors among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in West Hararghe, Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Opportunistic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS attending antiretroviral therapy clinics in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- MiR-155 Negatively Regulates Anti-Viral Innate Responses among HIV-Infected Progressors.Viruses · 2023Article
- Biological parameters determining the effectiveness of monitoring of HIV / AIDS infected patients in Morocco.African health sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- The Influence of Age-Associated Comorbidities on Responses to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living with HIV, at the ART Clinic of Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Nested Case-Control Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- A randomized prospective study to compare early versus delayed access to antiretroviral therapy over clinical and immunological sequel in HIV-positive adults.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy Efficacy Post-Bariatric Weight Loss Surgery: A Case Series of Persons Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Obesity surgery · 2022Article
- Virological and Immunological Antiretroviral Treatment Failure and Predictors Among HIV Positive Adult and Adolescent Clients in Southeast Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Different Trends of Distinct Time Points of AIDS Events Following HIV Diagnosis in Various At-risk Populations: A Retrospective Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2021Article
- Article
- Immunological Treatment Failure Among Adult Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in East Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2021Review
- Time to Immunologic Recovery and Its Determinant Factors Among Adult HIV Patients Who Initiated Antiretroviral Treatment at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Virological Failure Among Adults Living with HIV in South Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Article
- First-line virologic-based ART treatment failure and associated factors among adult HIV Positives in Southwest Shoa, Central Ethiopia.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAccess to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Ethiopia has been scaled up since the introduction of the service in 2003. Free ART was launched in 2005, resulting in fewer new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and deaths from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, immunological and clinical failures for first-line ART due to poor adherence and other factors have received less attention. Thus, this study aims to determine the magnitude and associated factors of clinical and immunological failure among HIV-positive adults after six months of first-line ART in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia.
methodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data of patients on ART in all health facilities providing ART services in Dire Dawa. A total of 949 samples were collected. The data were entered into Epidata version 3.02, and the analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.0. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the magnitude of clinical and immunological failure and identify factors significantly associated with the outcome variable.
resultsThe magnitude of clinical and immunological failure was 22.7% (n = 215). Of these, 33 (15%) patients were switched to second-line ART. CD4 count ≤100 cells/mm3 (AOR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.18-2.69), poor adherence (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.19-5.25), restarting after interruption of ART (AOR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.23-3.07), regimen change (AOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.05-2.15), ambulatory/bedridden functional status at the last visit on ART (AOR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.22-4.75) and patients who died (AOR: 3.94, 95% CI: 1.64-9.45) had higher odds of failure.
conclusionThe magnitude of clinical and immunological failure was high. To curb this problem, initiation of ART before the occurrence of severe immune suppression, early detection and management of failure and improved adherence support mechanisms are recommended. Restarting treatment after interruption and regimen changes-should-be-made-cautiously.
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