Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31207451›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2019

Cartoon-based e-cigarette marketing: Associations with susceptibility to use and perceived expectations of use.

Matthew G Kirkpatrick, Tess Boley Cruz, Jennifer B Unger, Josseline Herrera, Sara Schiff, Jon-Patrick Allem

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Effect of Grandmaternal Smoking on Body Size and Proportions at Birth.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
  5. Observational
  6. Compliance With FDA Nicotine Warning Statement Provisions in E-liquid Promotion Posts on Instagram.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Matthew G KirkpatrickDepartment of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Room 302B, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: mgkirkpa@usc.edu.
Tess Boley CruzDepartment of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Room 302B, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jennifer B UngerDepartment of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Room 302B, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Josseline HerreraDepartment of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Room 302B, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Sara SchiffDepartment of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Room 302B, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jon-Patrick AllemDepartment of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Room 302B, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Funding

USC Tobacco Center of Regulatory ScienceU54CA180905 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Jennifer Beth Unger · 2018 to 2026
$39.0M
USC Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS) for Vulnerable PopulationsP50CA180905 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI PENTZ, MARY ANN, SAMET, JONATHAN M · 2013 to 2017
$20.1M
NCI NIH HHS P50 CA180905NCI NIH HHS U54 CA180905
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundManufacturers of e-cigarette-related products are using cartoons as a marketing strategy, despite restrictions on cartoon marketing for combustible cigarettes. Here, we examined associations between exposure to e-liquid packaging with cartoons (operationally defined as recognition of actual marketing images) and e-cigarette use, susceptibility to use, and expectations of benefits and risks of use.

methodsU.S. adults completed online surveys assessing e-cigarette use. In Study 1, participants (N = 778; Mean age = 23.5 years; 62% women) completed a questionnaire assessing expectations about benefits and risks of use. Then they were presented with 22 e-liquid package images (with and without cartoons) and were asked to endorse whether they recognized the products. In Study 2, participants (N = 522; Mean age = 30.4; 55% women) were presented with 24 e-liquid images (with and without cartoons) and asked to rate product appeal.

resultsFor Study 1, among never users, cartoon recognition was associated with greater likelihood of being susceptible to use e-cigarettes, and with expectations of taste enjoyment and social facilitation. For Study 2, there was no significant difference between cartoon and non-cartoon images on appeal ratings.

conclusionsCartoon-based marketing exposure - as measured by recognition of e-liquid package images - was associated with susceptibility to use e-cigarettes, which is consistent with previous research on the use of cartoons to promote combustible cigarettes. These data suggest that restrictions on the use of cartoon-based marketing strategies for e-cigarettes should be similar to those for cigarettes, to reduce susceptibility and perceived benefits among non-users.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAdvertisingElectronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsFemaleHumansInternetMaleMarketingMotivationProduct PackagingSocial FacilitationSurveys and QuestionnairesTasteTobacco Use DisorderVapingCartoonsE-cigarette useSusceptibility to useTobacco marketingYoung adults

Identifiers

PMID31207451
PMCPMC6653577

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.