Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31206911›Full record

Observational studyInternational journal of methods in psychiatric research2019

Testing for response shift in treatment evaluation of change in self-reported psychopathology amongst secondary psychiatric care outpatients.

Ingrid V E Carlier, Wessel A van Eeden, Kim de Jong, Erik J Giltay, Martijn S van Noorden, Christina van der Feltz-Cornelis, Frans G Zitman, Henk Kelderman, Albert M van Hemert

Abstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Response shift in oncology: fact or myth.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. If it's information, it's not "bias": a scoping review and proposed nomenclature for future response-shift research.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Observational
  10. Article
  11. Evaluating Response Shift in Statistical Mediation Analysis.Advances in methods and practices in psychological science
    Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ingrid V E CarlierDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-6237-1438
Wessel A van EedenDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Kim de JongClinical Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Erik J GiltayDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Martijn S van NoordenDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Christina van der Feltz-CornelisDepartment of Health Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, UK.
Frans G ZitmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Henk KeldermanDepartment of Methodology and Statistics, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Albert M van HemertDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesIf patients change their perspective due to treatment, this may alter the way they conceptualize, prioritize, or calibrate questionnaire items. These psychological changes, also called "response shifts," may pose a threat to the measurement of therapeutic change in patients. Therefore, it is important to test the occurrence of response shift in patients across their treatment.

methodsThis study focused on self-reported psychological distress/psychopathology in a naturalistic sample of 206 psychiatric outpatients. Longitudinal measurement invariance tests were computed across treatment in order to detect response shifts.

resultsCompared with before treatment, post-treatment psychopathology scores showed an increase in model fit and factor loading, suggesting that symptoms became more coherently interrelated within their psychopathology domains. Reconceptualization (depression/mood) and reprioritization (somatic and cognitive problems) response shift types were found in several items. We found no recalibration response shift.

conclusionThis study provides further evidence that response shift can occur in adult psychiatric patients across their mental health treatment. Future research is needed to determine whether response shift implies an unwanted potential bias in treatment evaluation or a desired cognitive change intended by treatment.

Indexed as

Diagnostic Self EvaluationMental Health ServicesOutcome Assessment, Health CarePsychotherapyAdultAgedAnxiety DisordersDepressive DisorderFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedOutpatientsPsychological DistressSecondary Health Carelongitudinal measurement invariancemental health treatmentpsychopathologyresponse shiftSymptom Questionnaire-48 (SQ-48)

Identifiers

PMID31206911
PMCPMC6852603

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.