ArticlePloS one2019
Circadian rhythms in insecticide susceptibility, metabolic enzyme activity, and gene expression in Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae).
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fitness Trade-Offs and Potential Metabolic Resistance Mechanisms in Geographically Distinct Strains ofInsects · 2025Article
- Were bed bugs the first urban pest insect? Genome-wide patterns of bed bug demography mirror global human expansion.Biology letters · 2025Article
- Time-of-day changes in permethrin susceptibility and metabolic gene expression in Florida Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).Journal of medical entomology · 2025Article
- Sticky Pi is a high-frequency smart trap that enables the study of insect circadian activity under natural conditions.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- Molecular Oscillator Affects Susceptibility of Caterpillars to Insecticides: Studies on the Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm-Insects · 2022Article
- Bacterial symbionts influence host susceptibility to fenitrothion and imidacloprid in the obligate hematophagous bed bug, Cimex hemipterus.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Circadian regulation of night feeding and daytime detoxification in a formidable Asian pest Spodoptera litura.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Time of Day-Specific Changes in Metabolic Detoxification and Insecticide Tolerance in the House Fly,Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many insect species display daily variation of sensitivity to insecticides when they are exposed to the same concentration at different times during the day. To date, this has not been investigated in bed bugs. To address this, we explored circadian rhythms in insecticide susceptibility, xenobiotic metabolizing (XM) gene expressions, and metabolic detoxification in the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius. An insecticide susceptible Monheim strain of C. lectularius was most tolerant of deltamethrin during the late photophase at ZT9 (i.e. nine hours after light is present in the light-dark cycle (LD) cycle) and similarly repeated at CT9 (i.e. nine hours into the subjective day in constant darkness (DD)) suggesting endogenous circadian involvement in susceptibility to deltamethrin. No diel rhythm was observed against imidacloprid insecticide despite significant daily susceptibility in both LD and DD conditions. Rhythmic expressions of metabolic detoxification genes, GSTs1 and CYP397A1 displayed similar expression patterns with total GST and P450 enzyme activities in LD and DD conditions, respectively. The oscillation of mRNA levels of GSTs1 and CYP397A1 was found consistent with peak phases of deltamethrin susceptibility in C. lectularius. This study demonstrates that circadian patterns of metabolic detoxification gene expression occur within C. lectularius. As a consequence, insecticide efficacy can vary dramatically throughout a 24 hour period.
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