ReviewJournal of immunology research2019
Chemical and Immunological Characteristics of Aluminum-Based, Oil-Water Emulsion, and Bacterial-Origin Adjuvants.
Review in Journal of immunology research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Suitability, Efficacy, and Safety of Zinc Hydroxide Adjuvant System Adsorbed on Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of protective efficacy of an inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus genotype Ⅴ strain in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Review
- Sheep immune response against a novel recombinant enterotoxemia and infectious necrotic hepatitis vaccine in Türkiye.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Nano/Micro-Enabled Modification and Innovation of Conventional Adjuvants for Next-Generation Vaccines.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Multi-Epitopic Peptide Vaccine Against Newcastle Disease Virus: Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Validation.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Vaccine adjuvants: current status, research and development, licensing, and future opportunities.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2024Review
- Advances in protein subunit vaccines against H1N1/09 influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- A Unique Combination of MnThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024Article
- Aluminum-based metal-organic framework nanoparticles as pulmonary vaccine adjuvants.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- Fluoropolymer: A Review on Its Emulsion Preparation and Wettability to Solid-Liquid Interface.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Hemagglutinin Stem Vaccine Designed Rationally by AlphaFold2 Confers Broad Protection against Influenza B Infection.Viruses · 2022Article
- Emerging biomaterial-based strategies for personalized therapeutic in situ cancer vaccines.Biomaterials · 2022Review
- Article
- Novel TLR4 adjuvant elicits protection against homologous and heterologous Influenza A infection.Vaccine · 2021Article
- Design, synthesis and immunological evaluation of self-assembled antigenic peptides from dual-antigen targets: a broad-spectrum candidate for an effective antibreast cancer therapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- Cationic Nanostructures for Vaccines Design.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Review
- Simple Nanoparticles from the Assembly of Cationic Polymer and Antigen as Immunoadjuvants.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adjuvants are a diverse family of substances whose main objective is to increase the strength, quality, and duration of the immune response caused by vaccines. The most commonly used adjuvants are aluminum-based, oil-water emulsion, and bacterial-origin adjuvants. In this paper, we will discuss how the election of adjuvants is important for the adjuvant-mediated induction of immunity for different types of vaccines. Aluminum-based adjuvants are the most commonly used, the safest, and have the best efficacy, due to the triggering of a strong humoral response, albeit generating a weak induction of cell-mediated immune response. Freund's adjuvant is the most widely used oil-water emulsion adjuvant in animal trials; it stimulates inflammation and causes aggregation and precipitation of soluble protein antigens that facilitate the uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Adjuvants of bacterial origin, such as flagellin,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.