ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2019
Elevated serum anti-NMDA receptor antibody levels in first-episode patients with schizophrenia.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The plasma-derived exosomal Gomafu levels are associated with psychopathological symptoms and symptomatic remission in drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders manifesting with psychosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antibody and Sensory Gating Deficits in Non-smoking, Minimal Antipsychotic Medication Exposure, and First-Episode Patients With Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Dysfunction of the NMDA Receptor in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and/or the Pathomechanisms of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Immunophenotypes in psychosis: is it a premature inflamm-aging disorder?Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Neuronal autoantibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of 148 patients with schizophrenia and 151 healthy controls.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Multiple serum anti-glutamate receptor antibody levels in clozapine-treated/naïve patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Use of the Chinese version of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery to assess cognitive functioning in individuals with high risk for psychosis, first-episode schizophrenia and chronic schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Review
- Glutamatergic dysfunction in Schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2022Review
- Decision tree distinguish affective disorder diagnosis from psychotic disorder diagnosis with clinical and lab factors.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Potential diagnostic biomarkers for schizophrenia.Medical review (2021) · 2022Review
- The relationship between TLR4/NF-κB/IL-1β signaling, cognitive impairment, and white-matter integrity in patients with stable chronic schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Clinical Relevance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Antibody Titers in Anti-Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Allostatic Load Effects on Cortical and Cognitive Deficits in Essentially Normotensive, Normoweight Patients with Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2021Article
- Anti N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis: from psychosis to cognitive impairment.Clinical case reports · 2021Article
- Autoantibody-associated psychiatric symptoms and syndromes in adults: A narrative review and proposed diagnostic approach.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2020Article
- Cognitive impact of neuronal antibodies: encephalitis and beyond.Translational psychiatry · 2020Review
- The origin of NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2020Review
- TGF-β1 is associated with deficits in cognition and cerebral cortical thickness in first-episode schizophrenia.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors (NMDAR) are implicated in the pathophysiology of neurological and psychiatric disorders, and that patients with NMDAR antibody encephalitis develop psychopathological symptoms. Therefore, we hypothesized that NMDAR antibodies play a key role in the etiology of schizophrenia. In this study, we enrolled 110 first-episode patients with schizophrenia (FEP) and 50 healthy controls (HC). Cognitive function and psychopathology were assessed using the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), respectively. NMDAR antibody levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results showed that FEP with schizophrenia exhibited cognitive deficits in all domains of the MCCB and had elevated levels of serum anti-NMDAR antibody compared with the healthy controls (9.2 ± 3.5 vs. 7.3 ± 2.9 ng/ml, t = 3.10, p = 0.002). Furthermore, serum antibody levels were positively correlated with PANSS positive, negative and total score, and inversely correlated with performances of verbal learning and memory, working memory, speed of processing and MCCB total score in the patient group. These results indicate that elevated levels of NMDAR antibody may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, leading to NMDAR dysfunction, thereby inducing symptoms of psychosis and cognitive impairment. Therefore, NMDAR antibodies may serve as a biomarker and provide a new avenue for treatment of schizophrenia.
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