ArticleNature communications2019
The pore structure of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of the genomes of a male-killingMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
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- Milestones in Clostridium perfringens research since 1995.Anaerobe · 2025Review
- Proteolytic activation of diverse antiviral defense modules in prokaryotes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Structural and Functional Analysis ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Pore Formation by Pore Forming Proteins in Lipid Membranes: Structural Insights Through Cryo-EM.The Journal of membrane biology · 2025Review
- Cytotoxic effects of epsilon toxin fromToxicology research · 2025Article
- Prevalence of epsilon toxin-producing Clostridium perfringens isolates among patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Iran.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Epsilon toxin induces cytotoxicity by mediating autophagy and apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in A549 cells.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Structural basis for the pore-forming activity of a complement-like toxin.Science advances · 2025Article
- Vastly different energy landscapes of the membrane insertions of monomeric gasdermin D and A3.Communications chemistry · 2025Article
- Article
- The epsilon toxin from Clostridium perfringens stimulates calcium-activated chloride channels, generating extracellular vesicles in Xenopus oocytes.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Review
- Overview of Bacterial Protein Toxins from Pathogenic Bacteria: Mode of Action and Insights into Evolution.Toxins · 2024Review
- The Molecular Architecture and Mode of Action ofToxins · 2024Review
- Innovative unified impact of magnetite iron nanoparticles and quercetin on broiler chickens: performance, antioxidant and immune defense and controlling ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Gating of β-Barrel Protein Pores, Porins, and Channels: An Old Problem with New Facets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Epsilon toxin (Etx), a potent pore forming toxin (PFT) produced by Clostridium perfringens, is responsible for the pathogenesis of enterotoxaemia of ruminants and has been suggested to play a role in multiple sclerosis in humans. Etx is a member of the aerolysin family of β-PFTs (aβ-PFTs). While the Etx soluble monomer structure was solved in 2004, Etx pore structure has remained elusive due to the difficulty of isolating the pore complex. Here we show the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Etx pore assembled on the membrane of susceptible cells. The pore structure explains important mutant phenotypes and suggests that the double β-barrel, a common feature of the aβ-PFTs, may be an important structural element in driving efficient pore formation. These insights provide the framework for the development of novel therapeutics to prevent human and animal infections, and are relevant for nano-biotechnology applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.