ArticleNature communications2019
XX sex chromosome complement promotes atherosclerosis in mice.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 283 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.Genome biology · 2022Pooled it
- Sex Differences and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Disease.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Three-Dimensional Perspectives on Inflammatory Regulation in Coronary Atherosclerosis: Integrated Mechanisms of Endothelial Priming, Lipid Metabolism, and Cytokine Synergy.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Sex differences in endothelial cell biology: cellular phenotypes and molecular regulators.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Rodent Models for Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Sex-Specific Association between HO-1 (GT)n Promoter Polymorphism and Large-Artery Atherosclerosis Stroke.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2025Article
- Maternal Nutritional Programming: Sex-Specific Cardiovascular and Immune Outcomes Following Perinatal High-Fat Diet Exposure.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Nicotine promotes AngII-induced abdominal aortic aortopathies in female and male mice: role of sex hormones.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Article
- Survey of gene, lncRNA and transposon transcription patterns in four mouse organs highlights shared and organ-specific sex-biased regulation.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Lipoprotein Metabolism, Dyslipidemia, and Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Women: A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- X chromosome dosage drives statin-induced dysglycemia and mitochondrial dysfunction.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Testosterone deficiency promotes arterial stiffening independent of sex chromosome complement.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Sex differences in type 2 diabetes: an opportunity for personalized medicine.Biology of sex differences · 2023Article
- Women, lipids, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a call to action from the European Atherosclerosis Society.European heart journal · 2023Article
- The impact of chromosomal sex on cardiometabolic health and disease.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2023Review
- Female Gene Networks Are Expressed in Myofibroblast-Like Smooth Muscle Cells in Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2023Article
- Sex-Specific Differences in Lipoprotein Production and Clearance.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2023Review
- Inclusion of Sex as a Biological Variable in Biomedical Sciences at the Undergraduate Level and Beyond.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2023Article
- Sex chromosome mechanisms in cardiac development and disease.Nature cardiovascular research · 2023Article
- Genetic variation in the Y chromosome and sex-biased DNA methylation in somatic cells in the mouse.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Men and women differ in circulating lipids and coronary artery disease (CAD). While sex hormones such as estrogens decrease CAD risk, hormone replacement therapy increases risk. Biological sex is determined by sex hormones and chromosomes, but effects of sex chromosomes on circulating lipids and atherosclerosis are unknown. Here, we use mouse models to separate effects of sex chromosomes and hormones on atherosclerosis, circulating lipids and intestinal fat metabolism. We assess atherosclerosis in multiple models and experimental paradigms that distinguish effects of sex chromosomes, and male or female gonads. Pro-atherogenic lipids and atherosclerosis are greater in XX than XY mice, indicating a primary effect of sex chromosomes. Small intestine expression of enzymes involved in lipid absorption and chylomicron assembly are greater in XX male and female mice with higher intestinal lipids. Together, our results show that an XX sex chromosome complement promotes the bioavailability of dietary fat to accelerate atherosclerosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.