Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31200729›Full record

Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2019

Development of a training paradigm for voluntary control of the peri-auricular muscles: a feasibility study.

Siwaphorn Chanthaphun, Sandy L Heck, Carolee J Winstein, Lucinda Baker

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02358915 (A Two-step Training Paradigm for Voluntary Control of the Peri-auricular Muscles), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 94% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02358915 early_phase1completednot on this map

A Two-step Training Paradigm for Voluntary Control of the Peri-auricular Muscles

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Southern CaliforniaRan2015 to 2016Enrolled10ConditionsNon-disabled Volunteers, Lacking Voluntary Control of Ear MusclesArmsFastStart neuromuscular electrical stimulator
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Siwaphorn ChanthaphunDepartment of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Health Sciences Campus, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA.
Sandy L HeckReach Bionics Inc., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
Carolee J WinsteinDepartment of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Health Science Campus, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA. winstein@pt.usc.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-9789-4626
Lucinda BakerDepartment of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Health Sciences Campus, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA.
University of Southern California · US

Funding

National Science Foundation 1215009
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSpinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to severe and permanent functional deficits. In humans, peri-auricular muscles (PAMs) do not serve any physiological function, though their innervation is preserved in even high level SCI. Auricular control systems provide a good example of leveraging contemporary technologies (e.g., sEMG controlled computer games) to enable those with disabilities. Our primary objective is to develop and test the effectiveness of an auricular muscle training protocol to facilitate isolated and coordinated, bilateral voluntary control that could be used in individuals without volitional control of the vestigial PAMs.

methodsSeventeen non-disabled persons were screened; 13 were eligible and 10 completed the entire protocol. The facilitation phase, included one session of sub-motor threshold, sensory electrical stimulation followed by neuromuscular electrical stimulation paired with ear movement feedback for up to 8 additional sessions. Participants progressed to the skill acquisition phase where they dawned an auricular control device that used sEMG signals to control movements of a cursor through three levels of computer games, each requiring increasingly more complex PAM coordination.

resultsThe 10 who completed the protocol, finished the facilitation phase in 3 to 9 sessions and achieved some level of voluntary auricle movement that ranged between 1 and 5 mm. Qualitative analysis of longitudinal post-session auricular movement, revealed two subgroups of learners. Six successfully completed all 3 games-the "Learners". Two were partially successful in game completion and two were unable to complete a single game--"Poor/Non-Learners". Quantitative analysis revealed a significant group difference in auricular amplitude for both facilitation and skill phases (p < .05), and a significant relationship between performance in the two phases (R

conclusionSixty percent of those who completed the facilitation phase were able to learn and demonstrate functional voluntary control of the vestigial PAMs. Those who progressed the fastest through facilitation were also those who were most proficient in skill acquisition with the device. There was considerable variability in progression through the two-phase protocol, with 20% deemed Poor/Non-Learners and unable to complete even the most basic game following training. There were no serious adverse events.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02358915 , first posted February 9, 2015.

Indexed as

Physical Therapy ModalitiesAdultEarElectric StimulationFeasibility StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMovementMuscle, SkeletalNeurofeedbackSpinal Cord InjuriesVideo GamesVolitionBiofeedbackMotor learningNeuromuscular electrical stimulationPeri-auricular

Identifiers

PMID31200729
PMCPMC6570846
OpenAlexW2949326151

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.