ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2019
Smoking-induced risk of future cardiovascular disease is partly mediated by cadmium in tobacco: Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort Study.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Placental toxic metal concentrations and preterm birth: Modification by social stressors.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Bio and Geno-toxic Activities of Cadmium- Arsenic Salts Combination And/or Fluoride in Female Rats Confirmed by Molecular Docking.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Effects of Micronutrients and Heavy Metals on Endothelial Function and Cardiovascular Risk in the Face of Environmental Changes.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Social determinants of health, accelerated biological aging, and long-term health outcomes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Tackling metals to advance cardiovascular health.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- A Narrative Review of Metallomic Studies: Revealing the Toxic Metal Burden in Tobacco Smokers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- pXRF Skeletal Measurements as an Assessment Tool for Environmental Exposure to Lajes Field-Derived Contaminants (Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal).Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Beyond glycemic control: the cardiac and hepatic benefits of SGLT2 and DPP-4 inhibitors in mitigating chronic cadmium-induced inflammation, oxidative/nitrative stress, apoptosis and fibrosis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Response of human metabolism to ultra-low and high nicotine cigarettes based on urine metabolomics and bioinformatic analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Association between urinary cadmium levels and prevalence of coronary artery disease: NHANES cross-sectional study (2009-2018).Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects-A Brief Summary.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Effect of Cadmium on Sleep Parameters Assessed in Polysomnographic Studies: A Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Current Levels of Environmental Exposure to Cadmium in Industrialized Countries as a Risk Factor for Kidney Damage in the General Population: A Comprehensive Review of Available Data.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Does maternal low-dose cadmium exposure increase the risk of offspring to develop metabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes?Life sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Association between urinary cadmium concentrations and liver function in adolescents.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Cadmium exposure in US adults, research based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 2018.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Association between serum folate levels and blood concentrations of cadmium and lead in US adults.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSmoking is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and causes exposure to cadmium, which is a pro-atherosclerotic metal. Cadmium exposure has also been shown to increase the risk of CVD, even after adjustment for smoking. Our hypothesis was that part of the risk of CVD in smokers may be mediated by cadmium exposure from tobacco smoke. We examined this hypothesis in a mediation analysis, trying to assess how much of the smoking-induced CVD risk could be explained via cadmium.
methodsWe used prospective data on CVD (incidence and mortality) in a Swedish population-based cohort of 4304 middle-aged men and women (the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study). Blood cadmium was analyzed in base-line samples from 1991, and clinical events were followed up for 16-19 years based on registry data. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the indirect effect (via cadmium) of smoking on CVD. Survival was analyzed by the accelerated failure time (AFT) model and the Aalen additive hazard model.
resultsThe mean blood cadmium level in the study population was 0.43 μg/L (median 0.24 μg/L) and increased with recent and current smoking. As expected, shorter survival time (AFT model) and higher incidence rate (Aalen model) were found in current smokers for all CVD outcomes and this effect seemed to be partly mediated by cadmium. For the sum of acute myocardial infarction, bypass grafts and percutaneous coronary intervention, and death in ischemic heart disease, about half of the increased risk of such events in current smokers was mediated via cadmium, with similar results for the AFT and Aalen models.
conclusionsCadmium plays an important role in smoking-induced CVDs. This provides evidence for mechanisms and is of importance for both individuals and policy makers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.