Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31200684›Full record

SynthesisBMC public health2019

A systematic literature review of reported challenges in health care delivery to migrants and refugees in high-income countries - the 3C model.

Julia Brandenberger, Thorkild Tylleskär, Katrin Sontag, Bernadette Peterhans, Nicole Ritz

Open access · goldAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
119citing papers in PubMed, 14 pooled it
22.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

119 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A systematic review of factors associated with the patient and diagnostic intervals in gastric cancer.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026
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  10. Improving primary health care quality for refugees and asylum seekers: A systematic review of interventional approaches.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022
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  11. Challenges in the Medical and Psychosocial Care of the Paediatric Refugee-A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Julia BrandenbergerUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, Migrant Health Service, University of Basel, Spitalstr.33, Basel, Postbox CH 4031, Switzerland. julia.brandenberger@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7169-8184
Thorkild TylleskärCentre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Katrin SontagUniversity of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003,, Basel, Switzerland.
Bernadette PeterhansSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
Nicole RitzUniversity Children's Hospital Basel, Migrant Health Service, University of Basel, Spitalstr.33, Basel, Postbox CH 4031, Switzerland.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute · CHRoyal Children's Hospital · AUUniversity of Basel · CHUniversity of Bergen · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMigrants and refugees have important health needs and face inequalities in their health status. Health care delivery to this patient group has become a challenging public health focus in high income countries. This paper summarizes current knowledge on health care delivery to migrants and refugees in high-income countries from multiple perspectives.

methodsWe performed a systematic literature review including primary source qualitative and quantitative studies between 2000 and 2017. Articles were excluded if the study setting was in low- or middle-income countries or focused on skilled migration. Quality assessment was done for qualitative and quantitative studies separately. Predefined variables were extracted in a standardized form. Authors were approached to provide missing information.

resultsOf 185 identified articles, 35 were included in the final analysis. We identified three main topics of challenges in health care delivery: communication, continuity of care and confidence. All but one study included at least one of the three main topics and in 21/35 (60%) all three topics were mentioned. We further developed the 3C model and elaborated the interrelatedness of the three topics. Additional topics identified showed that the specific regional context with legal, financial, geographical and cultural aspects is important and further influences the 3C model.

conclusionsThe 3C model gives a simple and comprehensive, patient-centered summary of key challenges in health care delivery for refugees and migrants. This concept is relevant to support clinicians in their day to day practice and in guiding stakeholders in priority setting for refugee and migrant health policies.

Indexed as

Developed CountriesRefugeesTransients and MigrantsDelivery of Health CareHumansModels, OrganizationalAsylumCommunicationConfidenceContinuity of careImmigrantInterpreterQuality of careRefugeeTranslatorTrust

Identifiers

PMID31200684
PMCPMC6567460
OpenAlexW2952372792

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.