Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31200641›Full record

Trial reportBMC anesthesiology2019

Efficacy of programmed intermittent bolus epidural analgesia in thoracic surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

M Higashi, K Shigematsu, E Nakamori, S Sakurai, K Yamaura

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC anesthesiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05930405 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Comparative Analysis of Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus Versus Continuous Epidural Infusion on Postoperative Recovery Quality Following Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Multicenter, Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomised Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorSun Yat-sen UniversityRan2023 to 2024Enrolled252ConditionsVideo-assisted Thoracic SurgeryArmsprogrammed intermittent epidural bolus, continuous epidural infusion
NCT07592364 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Efficacy of Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus (PIEB) Plus Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia (PCEA) Versus Continuous Epidural Infusion (CEI) Plus Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia (PCEA) for Labour Analgesia

TypeinterventionalSponsorAiman Bin Ab AdzimRan2026 to 2027Enrolled88ConditionsPregnant Women, Labour AnalgesiaArmsProgrammed intermittent epidural bolus 10 ml, continuous epidural infusion
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

M HigashiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
K ShigematsuOperation rooms, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
E NakamoriDepartment of Anesthesiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
S SakuraiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
K YamauraDepartment of Anesthesiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan. keny@kuaccm.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.ORCID 0000-0001-9392-1746

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundContinuous epidural infusion (CEI) has some disadvantages, such as increased local anesthetic consumption and limited area of anesthetic distribution. Programmed intermittent bolus (PIB) is a technique of epidural anesthesia in which boluses of local anesthetic are automatically injected into the epidural space. The usefulness of PIB in thoracic surgery remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacies of PIB epidural analgesia and CEI in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.

methodsThis randomized prospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. The study included 42 patients, who were divided into CEI (n = 21) and PIB groups (n = 21). In the CEI group, patients received continuous infusion of the local anesthetic at a rate of 5.1 mL/90 min. In the PIB group, a pump delivered the local anesthetic at a dose of 5.1 mL every 90 min. The primary endpoints were the frequency of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and the total dose of local anesthetic until 36 h following surgery. Student's t-test, the chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analyses.

resultsThe mean number of PCA administrations and total amount of local anesthetic were not significantly different between the two groups up to 24 h following surgery. However, the mean number of PCA administrations and total amount of local anesthetic at 24-36 h after surgery were significantly lower in the PIB group than in the CEI group (median [lower-upper quartiles]: 0 [0-2.5] vs. 2 [0.5-5], P = 0.018 and 41 [41-48.5] vs. 47 [43-56], P = 0.035, respectively). Hypotension was significantly more frequent in the PIB group than in the CEI group at 0-12 h and 12-24 h (3.3% vs. 0.5%, P = 0.018 and 7.9% vs. 0%, P = 0.017, respectively).

conclusionPIB can reduce local anesthetic consumption in thoracic surgery. However, it might result in adverse events, such as hypotension.

trial registrationThis randomized prospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB No. 15-9-06) of the Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan, and was registered in the clinical trials database UMIN ( ID 000019904 ) on 24 November 2015. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.

Indexed as

Drug Administration ScheduleAgedAnalgesia, EpiduralAnalgesia, Patient-ControlledAnesthetics, LocalHumansHypotensionInfusions, IntravenousMiddle AgedThoracic Surgical ProceduresAnesthetics, LocalAnesthesiaEpidural anesthesiaProgrammed intermittent bolusThoracic surgery

Identifiers

PMID31200641
PMCPMC6570912

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.