SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
The Effect of Long Working Hours and Overtime on Occupational Health: A Meta-Analysis of Evidence from 1998 to 2018.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 413 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental and Occupational Health Exposures and Outcomes of Informal Street Food Vendors in South Africa: A Quasi-Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Socioeconomic disparities in obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review of empirical research.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2021Pooled it
- Behavioural interventions for CVD risk reduction for blue-collar workers: a systematic review.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2021Pooled it
- Psychosocial work exposures and health outcomes: a meta-review of 72 literature reviews with meta-analysis.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2021Pooled it
- The effect of exposure to long working hours on ischaemic heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury.Environment international · 2020Pooled it
- Association between ensuring a daily rest period in the workplace and workers' sleep: Evidence from a matched employer-employee survey in Japan.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Predictors of Adherence to a videoconference-Based Therapeutic Exercise Intervention in Eldercare Workers: A Secondary Analysis of Participants in the ReViEEW Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of occupational rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Strain and recovery activities over a week predict short-term changes in processing speed measured in everyday environments: A survey response-time study in workers from a large internet panel.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Occupational mortality in older workers: A forensic autopsy-based evaluation.Journal of forensic sciences · 2026Article
- Association between shift work patterns and the incidence of prediabetes and diabetes among night shift workers: a retrospective cohort study.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- Masculine depression and acute mental health burden.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association between working ≥10 hours per day and satisfaction with work environment among wage workers in Korea: a cross-sectional study using data from the 7th Korean Working Conditions Survey.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- Moderating Effects of Muscle Fitness on the Associations Between Work Stress, Burnout, and Well-Being Among White-Collar Workers.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and occupational risk factors for premenstrual mood disorders among female workers.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Machine learning based multimodel prediction of poor wellbeing, generalized anxiety disorder, and insomnia among adults in Indian urban informal settlements: toward explainable digital mental health screening.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- How work hours affect well-being: A target trial emulation.PloS one · 2026Article
- Health, Well-Being, Work Ability and Work Conditions Among EAP Non-Users in Canada and the U.S.: A Quantitative Cross-National Comparison Study.Health services insights · 2026Article
- The association between night shift work and elevated risk of smoking use among ride-hailing drivers: findings from a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Navigating workaholism, life balance, and quality of life among academic nurse educators: exploring the role of resilience.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Working hours and depression in the HEAF cohort.Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There has been no subsequent meta-analysis examining the effects of long working hours on health or occupational health since 1997. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct a meta-analysis covering studies after 1997 for a comparison. A total of 243 published records were extracted from electronic databases. The effects were measured by five conditions, namely, physiological health (PH), mental health (MH), health behaviours (HB), related health (RH), and nonspecified health (NH). The overall odds ratio between long working hours and occupational health was 1.245 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.195-1.298). The condition of related health constituted the highest odds ratio value (1.465, 95% CI: 1.332-1.611). The potential moderators were study method, cut-point for long weekly working hours, and country of origin. Long working hours were shown to adversely affect the occupational health of workers. The management on safeguarding the occupational health of workers working long hours should be reinforced.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.