ReviewCancers2019
Improving the Brain Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Childhood Brain Tumors.
Review in Cancers, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Intrathecal immune checkpoint inhibitors as adjunctive therapy for leptomeningeal disease: A case series and systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Intrathecal chemotherapy for leptomeningeal disease in high-grade gliomas: a systematic review.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of cerebrospinal fluid in pediatric central nervous system malignancies: a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual patient data.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Pooled it
- The role of oral microbiota in the development of oral mucositis in pediatric oncology patients treated with antineoplastic drugs: a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation: a systematic review and contemporary management of 389 cases reported during the last two decades.Neurosurgical review · 2022Pooled it
- Obstacles and Trials in Treating Primary Brain Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Leveraging TRPV1 for intracellular delivery of membrane impermeant compounds in the brain.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Research Progress on Nasal Delivery of siRNA Nanocarrier Systems for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Old Tools in a New Era: The Continued Relevance of Chemotherapy in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Designing a time-dependent therapeutic strategy using CDK4/6 inhibitors in an intracranial ATRT model.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Advances in the Repurposing and Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrance of Drugs in Pediatric Brain Tumors.Cancers · 2025Review
- H3K27-Altered Diffuse Midline Glioma of the Brainstem: From Molecular Mechanisms to Targeted Interventions.Cells · 2024Review
- Revisiting intrathecal thiotepa: Efficacy and safety in secondary CNS malignancies.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Concept for intrathecal delivery of brain recording and stimulation device.Frontiers in medical technology · 2024Article
- Intrathecal Catheter for Chemotherapy in Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis From HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer.Journal of breast cancer · 2023Article
- Antiproliferative Activity and Impact on Human Gut Microbiota of NewInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Radioimmunoscintigraphy and Pretreatment Dosimetry ofJournal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2023Article
- Roles of Chromatin Remodelling and Molecular Heterogeneity in Therapy Resistance in Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2022Review
- Mismatch repair is a double-edged sword in the battle against microsatellite instability.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) may be considered as a sanctuary site, protected from systemic chemotherapy by the meninges, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Consequently, parenchymal and CSF exposure of most antineoplastic agents following intravenous (IV) administration is lower than systemic exposure. In this review, we describe the different strategies developed to improve delivery of antineoplastic agents into the brain in primary and metastatic CNS tumors. We observed that several methods, such as BBB disruption (BBBD), intra-arterial (IA) and intracavitary chemotherapy, are not routinely used because of their invasiveness and potentially serious adverse effects. Conversely, intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy has been safely and widely practiced in the treatment of pediatric primary and metastatic tumors, replacing the neurotoxic cranial irradiation for the treatment of childhood lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). IT chemotherapy may be achieved through lumbar puncture (LP) or across the Ommaya intraventricular reservoir, which are both described in this review. Additionally, we overviewed pharmacokinetics and toxic aspects of the main IT antineoplastic drugs employed for primary or metastatic childhood CNS tumors (such as methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, hydrocortisone), with a concise focus on new and less used IT antineoplastic agents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.