Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31199459›Full record

ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2019

Trends in Mortality Due to Cancer in the United States by Age and County-Level Income, 1999-2015.

Diana R Withrow, Amy Berrington de González, Susan Spillane, Neal D Freedman, Ana F Best, Yingxi Chen, Meredith S Shiels

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Diana R WithrowSee the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations.
Amy Berrington de GonzálezSee the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations.
Susan SpillaneSee the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations.
Neal D FreedmanSee the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations.
Ana F BestSee the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations.
Yingxi ChenSee the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations.
Meredith S ShielsSee the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Disparities in cancer mortality by county-level income have increased. It is unclear whether these widening disparities have affected older and younger adults equally. National death certificate data were utilized to ascertain cancer deaths during 1999-2015. Average annual percent changes in mortality rates and mortality rate ratios (RRs) were estimated by county-level income quintile and age (25-64 vs ≥65 years). Among 25- to 64-year-olds, cancer mortality rates were 30% higher (RR = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29 to 1.31) in the lowest-vs the highest-income counties in 1999-2001 and 56% higher (RR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.55 to 1.57) in 2013-2015; the disparities among those 65 years and older were smaller but also widened over time (RR1999-2001 = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.05; RR2013-2015 = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.14). Widening disparities occurred across cancer sites. If all counties had the mortality rates of the highest-income counties, 21.5% of cancer deaths among 25- to 64-year-olds and 7.3% of cancer deaths in those 65 years and older would have been avoided in 2015. These results highlight an ongoing need for equity-focused interventions, particularly among younger adults.

Indexed as

Cause of DeathIncomeSocioeconomic FactorsAdultAgedDeath CertificatesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasmsUnited States

Identifiers

PMID31199459
PMCPMC6695317

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.