ArticlePeerJ2019
Effects of prolonged continuous computer gaming on physical and ocular symptoms and binocular vision functions in young healthy individuals.
Article in PeerJ, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies and age-related changes in binocular vision among middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of visual fatigue based on visual display terminals.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- The Effects of Refractive Imbalance on Binocular Vision Status, Reading Performance, and Vision-Related Reading Difficulty Symptoms in Expert Readers.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Effects of Visual Display Unit on Ocular Accommodation in Young Adults.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2025Article
- Binocular vision disorders and refractive errors on university students' quality of life.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Factors associated with frozen shoulder in adults: a retrospective study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- No End in Sight; Assessing the Impact of Internet Gaming Disorder on Digital Eye Strain Symptoms and Academic Success.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2024Article
- The status of binocular visual functions among Taiwan high-tech industry engineers and its correlation with computer vision symptom.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Digital Challenges: Investigating Computer Vision Syndrome in Thai Esports Through a Case-Control Approach.Clinical optometry · 2024Article
- Effect of online game policy on smartphone game play time, addiction, and emotion in rural adolescents of China.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Factors affecting upper limb ergonomics in robotic colorectal surgery.Journal of surgical case reports · 2023Article
- Visualisation ergonomics and robotic surgery.Journal of robotic surgery · 2023Review
- Improving Visual Comfort during Computer Gaming with Preservative-Free Hyaluronic Acid Artificial Tears Added to Ergophthalmological Measures.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Risk factors and outcomes of internet gaming disorder identified in Korean prospective adolescent cohort study.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2022Article
- Tweenager Computer Visual Syndrome Due to Tablets and Laptops during the Postlockdown COVID-19 Pandemic and the Influence on the Binocular and Accommodative System.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Robotic colorectal surgery and ergonomics.Journal of robotic surgery · 2022Review
- Article
- Preliminary evaluation of the VIsion PERformance (VIPER) simulator.Military Medical Research · 2020Article
- The Impact of Internet and Videogaming Addiction on Adolescent Vision: A Review of the Literature.Frontiers in public health · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveAddiction to computer gaming has become a social problem in Korea and elsewhere, and it has been enlisted as a mental health disorder by the World Health Organization. Most studies related to computer use and vision have individually assessed physical and ocular symptoms and binocular vision. Accordingly, the present study comprehensively assessed subjective physical and ocular symptoms and functions related to binocular vision after prolonged continuous computer gaming. This study aimed to investigate the effects of prolonged continuous computer gaming on physical and ocular health and visual functions in young healthy individuals.
methodsFifty healthy college students (35 male/15 female), aged 19-35 years old, were enrolled in this study. The inclusion criteria were no binocular vision problems and no reported history of ocular disease. Participants played continuously for 4 h from 6:00 to 10:00 p.m. Physical and ocular symptoms and visual functions such as convergence, accommodation, phoria, and the blink rate were assessed before and after continuous computer gaming for 4 h.
resultsContinuous computer gaming for 4 h resulted in convergence and accommodation disturbances and increased physical and ocular discomfort. Near phoria showed an exophoric shift, whereas distance phoria showed no change. Moreover, the accommodative and vergence facilities and blink rate were significantly decreased. All visual functions recovered to the baseline levels by the following morning. DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that excessive and continuous computer gaming impairs visual functions and causes ocular and physical fatigue. Our findings further the understanding of the adverse effects of excessive computer use on physical and ocular health, and adequate breaks are necessary to reduce physical and visual discomfort during computer gaming.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.