ReviewJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)2019
A New Front in Microbial Warfare-Delivery of Antifungal Effectors by the Type VI Secretion System.
Review in Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- A bacterial-killing type IV secretion system as a hidden antifungal device.Science advances · 2026Article
- Molecular basis of type VI secretion system effector loading.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Neisseria subflava Type 6 Secretion System competition with bacterial and fungal species.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Structural basis of iron piracy by human gutProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Genomic profiling and experimental validation of type VI secretion system-associated proteins in Klebsiella.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Rhizoctonia solani disease suppression: addition of keratin-rich soil amendment leads to functional shifts in soil microbial communities.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2024Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis Followed by the Isolation of Extracellular Bacteriolytic Proteases fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Killing in the name of: T6SS structure and effector diversity.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2023Review
- The structure of a tautomerase superfamily member linked to the type VI secretion system of Acinetobacter baumannii.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2023Article
- N-Terminus Plays a Critical Role for Stabilizing the Filamentous Assembly and the Antifungal Activity of Bg_9562.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- The ecological impact of a bacterial weapon: microbial interactions and the Type VI secretion system.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2021Article
- Bioinformatic Analysis of theFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Review of PotentialJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- An Overview of Anti-Eukaryotic T6SS Effectors.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Special Issue: Fungal-Bacterial Interactions-Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- The IV International Symposium on Fungal Stress and the XIII International Fungal Biology Conference.Fungal biologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microbes typically exist in mixed communities and display complex synergistic and antagonistic interactions. The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and represents a contractile nano-machine that can fire effector proteins directly into neighbouring cells. The primary role assigned to the T6SS is to function as a potent weapon during inter-bacterial competition, delivering antibacterial effectors into rival bacterial cells. However, it has recently emerged that the T6SS can also be used as a powerful weapon against fungal competitors, and the first fungal-specific T6SS effector proteins, Tfe1 and Tfe2, have been identified. These effectors act via distinct mechanisms against a variety of fungal species to cause cell death. Tfe1 intoxication triggers plasma membrane depolarisation, whilst Tfe2 disrupts nutrient uptake and induces autophagy. Based on the frequent coexistence of bacteria and fungi in microbial communities, we propose that T6SS-dependent antifungal activity is likely to be widespread and elicited by a suite of antifungal effectors. Supporting this hypothesis, homologues of Tfe1 and Tfe2 are found in other bacterial species, and a number of T6SS-elaborating species have been demonstrated to interact with fungi. Thus, we envisage that antifungal T6SS will shape many polymicrobial communities, including the human microbiota and disease-causing infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.