ReviewThe lancet. Psychiatry2019
Structure and neural mechanisms of catatonia.
Review in The lancet. Psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07315386 (Catatonic Syndrome in Adult Patients at Basurto Hospital), which is not on this map. Cited by 128 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Catatonic Syndrome in Adult Patients at Basurto Hospital: A Descriptive Study of Incidence, Comorbidity, and Short-Term Outcomes
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 295 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Benzodiazepines on Catatonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Pooled it
- Genetics of catatonia: a systematic review of case reports and a gene pathway analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Estimating Multimodal Structural Brain Variability in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Worldwide ENIGMA Study.The American journal of psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- SYNGAP-1 Mutation And Catatonia: A Case Series and Systematic Review.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Functional neuroimaging in patients with catatonia: A systematic review.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2024Pooled it
- Non-invasive brain stimulation for treating catatonia: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Catatonia and Cognitive Impairments: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- [The sensorimotor domain in the research domain criteria system: progress and perspectives].Der Nervenarzt · 2021Pooled it
- Going Back to Kahlbaum's Psychomotor (and GABAergic) Origins: Is Catatonia More Than Just a Motor and Dopaminergic Syndrome?Schizophrenia bulletin · 2020Pooled it
- Inhibitory neurotransmission in frontostriatal circuitry: implications for psychomotor and vegetative symptoms in depressive episodes.BMC psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Prevalence, Phenotypic Correlates and Predictive Factors of Catatonia in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Article
- Catatonic Features That May Be Mistaken for Worsening Autism Show Treatment-Associated Improvement: Implications for Later Regression.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Frozen emotions, frozen bodies: a systematic review of limbic system alterations in catatonia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Narrative Review of Catatonia in Psychosis and Eating Disorders: Common Intersections and Treatment Considerations.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Catatonia associated with mosaic 18q deletion syndrome: a case report.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Age-Dependent Corpus Callosum Thickness Abnormalities and Clinical Implications in Treatment-Naïve First-Episode Schizophrenia.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Diazepam combined with aripiprazole in the treatment of a catatonic stupor patient with venous thrombosis: a case report.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Lorazepam-induced full resolution of catatonia and psychosis in Parkinson's disease with acromegaly: a case report.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Methamphetamine-withdrawal catatonia resolved with mixed amphetamine salts: a case report.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome associated with several psychiatric and medical conditions. Psychomotor signs range from stupor to agitation, and include pathognomonic features such as verbigeration and waxy flexibility. Disturbances of volition led to the classification of catatonia as a subtype of schizophrenia, but changes in nosology now recognise the high prevalence in mood disorders, overlap with delirium, and comorbidity with medical conditions. Initial psychometric studies have revealed three behavioural factors, but the structure of catatonia is still unknown. Evidence from brain imaging studies of patients with psychotic disorders indicates increased neural activity in premotor areas in patients with hypokinetic catatonia. However, whether this localised hyperactivity is due to corticocortical inhibition or excess activity of inhibitory corticobasal ganglia loops is unclear. Current treatment of catatonia relies on benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy-both effective, yet unspecific in their modes of action. Longitudinal research and treatment studies, with neuroimaging and brain stimulation techniques, are needed to advance our understanding of catatonia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.