ArticleNeuron2019
Subcortical Substrates of Explore-Exploit Decisions in Primates.
Article in Neuron, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Foraging models explain human exploration in uncertain tasks.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The conditioning-delay gradient, not impulsivity, accounts for apparent steep delay discounting in monkeys (Macaca mulatta).Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition · 2026Article
- Reward pursuit during a translational reward task correlates with anhedonia reductions following rTMS in patients with major depressive disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Long-term Learning Induces Plastic Changes in Frontostriatal Circuits.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dynamic geometry remapping of neural activity within frontal and subcortical areas during decision-making.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Why do we seek information about the future? On the origins of subjective value without instrumental value.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal Decoding of Explore-Exploit Decisions in the Human Brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- AI-Discovered Cognitive Models Reveal Novel Insights into Human and Animal Learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Stochastic choice drives variability in patch foraging decisions in humans and rats.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Neural circuit models for evidence accumulation through choice-selective sequences.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Value coding by primate amygdala neurons complies with the continuity axiom of economic choice theory.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Separating random and deterministic sources of computational noise in explore-exploit decisions.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Habit learning is associated with efficiently controlled network dynamics in naive macaque monkeys.Npj complexity · 2026Article
- Prefrontal Default Mode Network Interactions with Posterior Hippocampus during Exploration.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Contribution of amygdala to dynamic model arbitration under uncertainty.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Chemogenetic inhibition of amygdala to ventrolateral prefrontal cortex communication selectively impacts contingent learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The explore-exploit dilemma refers to the challenge of deciding when to forego immediate rewards and explore new opportunities that could lead to greater rewards in the future. While motivational neural circuits facilitate learning based on past choices and outcomes, it is unclear whether they also support computations relevant for deciding when to explore. We recorded neural activity in the amygdala and ventral striatum of rhesus macaques as they solved a task that required them to balance novelty-driven exploration with exploitation of what they had already learned. Using a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) model to quantify explore-exploit trade-offs, we identified that the ventral striatum and amygdala differ in how they represent the immediate value of exploitative choices and the future value of exploratory choices. These findings show that subcortical motivational circuits are important in guiding explore-exploit decisions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.