ArticleParasites & vectors2019
High insecticide resistance intensity of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) and low efficacy of pyrethroid LLINs in Accra, Ghana.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Trends in insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ghana: a systematic review.Journal of medical entomology · 2025Pooled it
- Portable experimental hut tents (PEHTs): a conceptual framework for improved malaria vector control decision-making with a review of fixed experimental hut sites in Africa.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Anopheles gambiae biting behavior and malaria transmission risk in Simiw, a community located in the coastal forest zone of the Central Region of Ghana.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- High resistance of Anopheles gambiae s.L. populations to public health insecticides in Ghana: contribution of domestic and agricultural pesticide use.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Disposal practices of long-lasting insecticidal nets, toxicity of the discarded nets and its potential implication on the development of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae in Southern Ghana.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Anopheles coluzzii from Sakassou, Central Côte d'Ivoire show aggravated resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphate but are fully susceptible to clothianidin.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Toxicity of ivermectin on multiple insecticide-resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, Aedes aegypti, and Culex mosquitoes.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis reveals concentration-dependent and site-specific detoxification gene expression patterns in pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Accra, Ghana.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Genomic population structure and insecticide resistance mechanisms in the malaria vector An. coluzzii across contrasting bioclimatic zones in West Africa.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Insecticide resistance dynamics inGigaByte (Hong Kong, China) · 2026Article
- Genomic population structure and insecticide resistance mechanisms in the malaria vector An. coluzzii across contrasting bioclimatic zones in West Africa.Research square · 2025Article
- Larval habitat diversity, physicochemical characteristics and their effect on the larval density of malaria vectors in the city of Accra, Ghana.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- The impacts of indoor residual spraying with bendiocarb and pirimiphos-methyl on allelic frequencies of kdr and ace-1 mutations in central Senegal.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Urban malaria in Accra, Ghana: transmission risk and influence of irrigated vegetable farms.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Novel insecticide resistance mutations associated with variable PBO synergy in Anopheles gambiae s.l. from the Democratic Republic of Congo.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evidence of microbiome contribution to the escalation of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles funestus s.s.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Exploring the metabolic and cuticular mechanisms of increased pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae S.l populations from Ghana.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characterization of insecticide resistance mechanisms in the Anopheles gambiae population of Sierra Leone.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Malaria transmission risk in the city of Accra, Ghana: vector behavior and distribution.Research square · 2025Article
- Socio-demographic factors, housing characteristics, and clinical symptoms associated with falciparum malaria in two rapidly urbanizing areas in the Ashanti region of Ghana.Malaria journal · 2024Article
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Abstract
backgroundInsecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) against public health insecticides is increasingly reported in Ghana and need to be closely monitored. This study investigated the intensity of insecticide resistance of An. gambiae (s.l.) found in a vegetable growing area in Accra, Ghana, where insecticides, herbicides and fertilizers are massively used for plant protection. The bioefficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) currently distributed in the country was also assessed to delimitate the impact of the insecticide resistance intensity on the effectiveness of those nets.
methodsThree- to five-day-old adult mosquitoes that emerged from collected larvae from Opeibea, Accra (Ghana), were assayed using CDC bottle and WHO tube intensity assays against different insecticides. The Vgsc-L1014F and ace-1 mutations within the population were also characterized using PCR methods. Furthermore, cone bioassays against different types of LLINs were conducted to evaluate the extent and impact of the resistance of An. gambiae (s.l.) from Opeibea.
resultsAnopheles gambiae (s.l.) from Opeibea were resistant to all the insecticides tested with very low mortality observed against organochlorine, carbamates and pyrethroid insecticides using WHO susceptibility tests at diagnostic doses during three consecutive years of monitoring. The average frequencies of Vgsc-1014F and ace-1 in the An. gambiae (s.l.) population tested were 0.99 and 0.76, respectively. The intensity assays using both CDC bottle and WHO tubes showed high resistance intensity to pyrethroids and carbamates with survivals at 10× the diagnostic doses of the insecticides tested. Only pirimiphos methyl recorded a low resistance intensity with 100% mortality at 5× the diagnostic dose. The bioefficacy of pyrethroid LLINs ranged from 2.2 to 16.2% mortality while the PBO LLIN, PermaNet
conclusionsWHO susceptibility tests using the diagnostic doses described the susceptibility status of the mosquito colony while CDC bottle and WHO tube intensity assays showed varying degrees of resistance intensity. Although both methods are not directly comparable, the indication of the resistance intensity showed the alarming insecticide resistance intensity in Opeibea and its surroundings, which could have an operational impact on the efficacy of vector control tools and particularly on pyrethroid LLINs.
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