ReviewMicrobiome2019
Macronutrient metabolism by the human gut microbiome: major fermentation by-products and their impact on host health.
Review in Microbiome, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 643 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
643 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Meta-Analysis of the Gut Microbiome: An African American Representation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Contrasting dietary patterns remodel gut microbial function and generate multi-omic signatures associated with cardiometabolic markers.Gut microbes · 2026Trial
- Global Metabolite Profiling in Feces, Serum, and Urine Yields Insights into Energy Balance Phenotypes Induced by Diet-Driven Microbiome Remodeling.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Intrinsic chicory root fibers modulate colonic microbial butyrate-producing pathways and improve insulin sensitivity in individuals with obesity.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Effects of Kefir Consumption on Gut Microbiota and Athletic Performance in Professional Female Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Gut microbiota metabolic reprogramming drives the development of metabolic diseases in the host.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Circadian synchronization between diet and gut microbiota in modulating host's health.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Compositional and functional differences of gut microbiome and metabolome inform pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Article
- The protease code of the bacterial gut microbiota: ecological regulation, barrier disruption, and rewiring host defense and signaling.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbial alterations and functional shifts in patients with hypertriglyceridemia: insights from a northwestern Chinese metagenomic study.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Unique adaptations in sulfatases underpin colonic mucin degradation by Akkermansia muciniphila.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Short-chain fatty acids.Nature metabolism · 2026Review
- Microbial Variability in Zoo-Housed Alaotran Gentle Lemurs: Host-Associated Factors and Environmental Influences.American journal of primatology · 2026Article
- Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- Cadmium toxicity to the human gut microbiome varies depending on composition.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Dynamic alterations and potential roles of gut microbiota and metabolites in Angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected mice and rats.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and metabolite disruption during breast cancer chemotherapy is associated with peripheral neuropathy sensory symptoms and pain.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Deep metagenomics uncovers functional adaptations and pathogenic risks in the gut microbiome of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella).Environmental microbiome · 2026Article
583 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a critical component of digestion, breaking down complex carbohydrates, proteins, and to a lesser extent fats that reach the lower gastrointestinal tract. This process results in a multitude of microbial metabolites that can act both locally and systemically (after being absorbed into the bloodstream). The impact of these biochemicals on human health is complex, as both potentially beneficial and potentially toxic metabolites can be yielded from such microbial pathways, and in some cases, these effects are dependent upon the metabolite concentration or organ locality. The aim of this review is to summarize our current knowledge of how macronutrient metabolism by the gut microbiome influences human health. Metabolites to be discussed include short-chain fatty acids and alcohols (mainly yielded from monosaccharides); ammonia, branched-chain fatty acids, amines, sulfur compounds, phenols, and indoles (derived from amino acids); glycerol and choline derivatives (obtained from the breakdown of lipids); and tertiary cycling of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Key microbial taxa and related disease states will be referred to in each case, and knowledge gaps that could contribute to our understanding of overall human wellness will be identified.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.