ReviewCells2019
Nanomodulation of Macrophages in Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Cells, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- TNF-α and IFN-γ impair neural oscillations and induce neurodegeneration by microglial nitric oxide, metabolic and oxidative stress.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Gold nanoparticles modulate macrophage polarization to promote skeletal muscle regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- A role for DICAMFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Application of Exosomes From Different Sources Loaded with Natural Small-Molecule Compounds in Disease.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Emerging Insights into the Role of Macrophages in Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Glial Cells as Key Regulators in Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Associated with Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Macrophages and HLA-Class II Alleles in Multiple Sclerosis: Insights in Therapeutic Dynamics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Immune cells: potential carriers or agents for drug delivery to the central nervous system.Military Medical Research · 2024Review
- Experimental Analysis of Tear Fluid and Its Processing for the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Platelets and platelet-derived vesicles as an innovative cellular and subcellular platform for managing multiple sclerosis.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- The Pathological Activation of Microglia Is Modulated by Sexually Dimorphic Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Short-term exposure to dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits LPS-induced IκBζ expression in macrophages.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Microglia and metastases to the central nervous system: victim, ravager, or something else?Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Review
- Enhancing arginase 2 expression using target site blockers as a strategy to modulate macrophage phenotype.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Article
- Opportunities for Molecular Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Management: Linking Probe to Treatment.Radiology · 2022Review
- Manipulating Macrophage/Microglia Polarization to Treat Glioblastoma or Multiple Sclerosis.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Serotonergic drug repurposing in multiple sclerosis: A new possibility for disease-modifying therapy.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Role of macrophage in nanomedicine-based disease treatment.Drug delivery · 2021Review
- Inflammation induces zebrafish regeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2021Review
- Astroglial and Microglial Purinergic P2X7 Receptor as a Major Contributor to Neuroinflammation during the Course of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating autoimmune disease primarily affecting young adults. Despite an unclear causal factor, symptoms and pathology arise from the infiltration of peripheral immune cells across the blood brain barrier. Accounting for the largest fraction of this infiltrate, macrophages are functionally heterogeneous innate immune cells capable of adopting either a pro or an anti-inflammatory phenotype, a phenomenon dependent upon cytokine milieu in the CNS. This functional plasticity is of key relevance in MS, where the pro-inflammatory state dominates the early stage, instructing demyelination and axonal loss while the later anti-inflammatory state holds a key role in promoting tissue repair and regeneration in later remission. This review highlights a potential therapeutic benefit of modulating macrophage polarisation to harness the anti-inflammatory and reparative state in MS. Here, we outline the role of macrophages in MS and look at the role of current FDA approved therapeutics in macrophage polarisation. Moreover, we explore the potential of particulate carriers as a novel strategy to manipulate polarisation states in macrophages, whilst examining how optimising macrophage uptake via nanoparticle size and functionalisation could offer a novel therapeutic approach for MS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.