ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2019
Long-Term Hydroxychloroquine Therapy and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Body Weight-Related Differences in Adipokines and Inflammatory Markers Among Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- From joints to vessels: How rheumatoid arthritis therapy alters the fate of the heart.World journal of cardiology · 2025Review
- The Role of Hydroxychloroquine in the Management of Rheumatic Disorders: A Comprehensive Review.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Review
- Current anti-inflammatory strategies for treatment of heart failure: From innate to adaptive immunity.Pharmacological research · 2025Review
- Hydroxychloroquine: A double‑edged sword (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Systemic lupus erythematosus and atherosclerosis: immune pathways and the uncharted territory of gut microbiota and metabolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A Novel Preclinical Murine Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Like Cardiovascular Disease.ACR open rheumatology · 2024Article
- Vascular damage in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Biomarkers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus along with Metabolic Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factor control on 7-year follow-up atherosclerosis progression in systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Association of Hydroxychloroquine Dose With Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Arthritis care & research · 2023Article
- The potential role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in acute coronary syndrome and type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI): Intertwining spread.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Hydroxychloroquine, QTc prolongation and risk of torsades de pointes.Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular disease risk and pathogenesis in systemic lupus erythematosus.Seminars in immunopathology · 2022Review
- The Interrelationship between Sarcoidosis and Atherosclerosis-Complex Yet Rational.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Inflammation and autoimmunity in atherosclerosis.Reumatologia · 2022Article
- Risk factors for changes in carotid intima media thickness and plaque over 5 years in women with systemic lupus erythematosus.Lupus science & medicine · 2021Article
- Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: An Update on the Role of Atherogenic Electronegative LDL and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is commonly used to control disease activity in patients with SLE. We evaluated its potential additional therapeutic effect for reducing CVD in SLE patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study, in which one million participants were sampled from 23 million beneficiaries and data were collected from 2000 to 2013. In total, 826 SLE patients receiving HCQ medication were included after exclusion for previous CVD. The total number of SLE patients was 795 after follow-up for more than one year. After adjusting for chronic comorbidity, a significantly decreased hazard ratio (HR) for coronary artery disease (CAD) was found among SLE patients with a high usage of HCQ for at least 318 days (HR = 0.31, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.12-0.76). A low HR for CAD was observed in SLE patients with a high cumulative dose of at least 100,267 mg HCQ (HR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09-0.66). However, there was no significant lowering of the HR for stroke. Long-term HCQ therapy decreases the HR of CVD in SLE patients. The cardiovascular protective effect of HCQ therapy was associated with decrease in CAD, but not stroke.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.