ArticlePloS one2019
Age- and sex- specific all-cause mortality risk greatest in metabolic syndrome combinations with elevated blood pressure from 7 U.S. cohorts.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between Metabolic Syndrome Status and Daily Physical Activity Measured by a Wearable Device in Japanese Office Workers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Differential Effects of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors on All-Cause Mortality in United States Adults With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2026Article
- Effects of age and sex on all-cause mortality among NHANES participants with metabolic syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Metabolic syndrome including both elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose is associated with higher mortality risk: a prospective study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Cardiometabolic dysfunction burden and mortality outcomes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.PloS one · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Transplantation's Role in Rodent Skeletal Muscle Bioenergetics: Recharging the Engine of Aging.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Ethnic variations in metabolic syndrome components and their associations with the gut microbiota: the HELIUS study.Genome medicine · 2024Article
- Living arrangements and metabolic syndrome: a national cross-sectional study in the Republic of Korea.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2024Article
- Article
- Pre-Metabolic Syndrome and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension: From the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- The risk and added values of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk enhancers on prediction of cardiovascular events: Tehran lipid and glucose study.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Type 2 diabetes in older patients: an analysis of the DPV and DIVE databases.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and all-cause mortality is well established but it is unclear if there are differences in mortality risk among the 32 possible MetS combinations. Hence, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the associations between different MetS combinations and its individual components with all-cause mortality, and to examine differences in the association by age and sex.
methodsA merged sample of 82,717 adults from 7 U.S. cohorts was used.
resultsIn our sample, MetS was present in 32% of men, 34% of women, 28% of younger adults (18-65 years) and 62% of older adults (>65 years) with 14,989 deaths over 14.6 ± 7.4 years of follow-up. Risk of all-cause mortality was higher in younger individuals with a greater number of MetS factors present, but in older adults having all 5 MetS factors was the only combination significantly associated with mortality. Regardless of age or sex, elevated blood pressure was the MetS factor most consistently present in MetS combinations that were significantly and most strongly associated with mortality. In fact, elevated blood pressure in the absence of other risk factors was significantly associated with mortality in men (HR, 95% CI = 1.56, 1.33-1.84), women (HR = 1.62, 1.44-1.81) and younger adults (HR = 1.61, 1.45-1.79). Conversely, waist circumference, glucose and triglycerides in isolation were not associated with mortality (p>0.05).
conclusionIn a large U.S. population, different combinations of MetS components vary substantially in their associations with all-cause mortality. Men, women and younger individuals with MetS combinations including elevated blood pressure had stronger associations with greater mortality risk, with minimal associations between MetS and mortality risk in older adults. Thus, we suggest that future algorithms may wish to consider differential weighting of these common metabolic risk factors, particularly in younger populations.
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