ArticlePloS one2019
Sensitivity and specificity of an electronic nose in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis among patients with suspected tuberculosis.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Breath Tests to Detect Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review.Lung · 2025Pooled it
- Advanced Technologies for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Exhaled Breath Samples: A Systematic Scoping Review.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Article
- Exhaled breath analysis: A promising triage test for tuberculosis in young children.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2024Article
- Non-sputum-based samples and biomarkers for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: the hope to improve childhood and HIV-associated tuberculosis diagnosis.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Breath Prints for Diagnosing Asthma in Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The accuracy of an electronic nose to diagnose tuberculosis in patients referred to an expert centre.PloS one · 2023Article
- Tuberculosis Treatment Monitoring and Outcome Measures: New Interest and New Strategies.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- An Experimental Apparatus for E-Nose Breath Analysis in Respiratory Failure Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Diagnosing Tuberculosis: What Do New Technologies Allow Us to (Not) Do?Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2022Review
- Applying the electronic nose for pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 screening.Surgical endoscopy · 2021Article
- The smell of lung disease: a review of the current status of electronic nose technology.Respiratory research · 2021Review
- Next-Generation Digital Biomarkers for Tuberculosis and Antibiotic Stewardship: Perspective on Novel Molecular Digital Biomarkers in Sweat, Saliva, and Exhaled Breath.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Article
- Proof of concept for real-time detection of SARS CoV-2 infection with an electronic nose.PloS one · 2021Article
- eNose-TB: A trial study protocol of electronic nose for tuberculosis screening in Indonesia.PloS one · 2021Article
- Tuberculosis diagnostics: overcoming ancient challenges with modern solutions.Emerging topics in life sciences · 2020Review
- Article
- The electronic nose: emerging biomarkers in lung cancer diagnostics.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the potency of a hand-held point-of-care electronic-nose to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among those suspected of PTB.
methodsSetting: Lung clinics and Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Participants: patients with suspected PTB and healthy controls. Sampling: 5 minutes exhaled breath. Sputum-smear-microscopy, culture, chest-radiography, and follow-up for 1.5-2.5 years, were used to classify patients with suspected PTB as active PTB, probably active PTB, probably no PTB, and no PTB. After building a breath model based on active PTB, no PTB, and healthy controls (Calibration phase), we validated the model in all patients with suspected PTB (Validation phase). In each variable (sex, age, Body Mass Index, co-morbidities, smoking status, consumption of alcohol, use of antibiotics, flu symptoms, stress, food and drink intake), one stratum's Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)-curve indicating sensitivity and specificity of the breath test was compared with another stratum's ROC-curve. Differences between Area-under-the-Curve between strata (p<0.05) indicated an association between the variable and sensitivity-specificity of the breath test. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA/SE 15.
resultsOf 400 enrolled participants, 73 were excluded due to extra-pulmonary TB, incomplete data, previous TB, and cancer. Calibration phase involved 182 subjects, and the result was validated in 287 subjects. Sensitivity was 85% (95%CI: 75-92%) and 78% (95%CI: 70-85%), specificity was 55% (95%CI: 44-65%) and 42% (95%CI: 34-50%), in calibration and validation phases, respectively. Test sensitivity and specificity were lower in men.
conclusionThe electronic-nose showed modest sensitivity and low specificity among patients with suspected PTB. To improve the sensitivity, a larger calibration group needs to be involved. With its portable form, it could be used for TB screening in remote rural areas and health care settings.
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