ArticleAIDS patient care and STDs2019
Undocumented African Immigrants' Experiences of HIV Testing and Linkage to Care.
Article in AIDS patient care and STDs, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health Service Utilization of Black Immigrant Women Residing in the United States: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of HIV/AIDS on African-born Women Living in the United States: a Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Pooled it
- Barriers and Facilitators Affecting the HIV Care Cascade for Migrant People Living with HIV in Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development Countries: A Systematic Mixed Studies Review.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2021Pooled it
- Verification of HIV Self-Testing Use and Results: A Global Systematic Review.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2020Pooled it
- Barriers and facilitators to STI and HIV testing among African and Caribbean heritage communities in high-income countries mapped to the behaviour change wheel: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- A Community-Based, Multidisciplinary Training Program to Improve HIV Services for US-Based African Immigrants: Lessons Learned over 5 Years of Implementation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- "Migratory grief" and structural barriers to care: a community-engaged qualitative study of immigration-related stress among immigrants living with or at risk of HIV.Journal of migration and health · 2026Article
- Crossing borders, facing barriers: a rights-based narrative review of HIV care access among African migrants living with HIV.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- African Immigrants and the End of the HIV Epidemic in the United States: Actionable Recommendations to Enhance Equity.American journal of public health · 2025Article
- The Health Status of Undocumented Immigrants from Asian Countries in the United States: A Scoping Review and Recommendations for Future Directions.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2024Article
- Facilitators and barriers to accessing hepatitis B care in the postpartum period among foreign-born New Yorkers: a qualitative analysis of case notes.BMC public health · 2024Article
- A Characterization of Women Living with HIV in Belgium.AIDS research and treatment · 2024Article
- Barriers to Accessing HIV Care Services in Host Low and Middle Income Countries: Views and Experiences of Indonesian Male Ex-Migrant Workers Living with HIV.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Intersecting Stigmas: Being Black African, Immigrant, and Living With HIV in the United States.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Experience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in Europe.BMC public health · 2022Article
- A Review of Cultural Influences on Risk for HIV and Culturally-Responsive Risk Mitigation Strategies Among African Immigrants in the US.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2021Review
- Racial and ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among heterosexually active persons in the United States nationally and by state, 2018.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the United States, undocumented African immigrants living with HIV enter care late, potentially leading to adverse individual and population health outcomes, yet little is known about the specific experiences of HIV diagnosis and linkage to care among this population. We conducted individual, semi-structured interviews with adults who were undocumented African immigrants living with HIV in New York City. Interviews explored perspectives regarding individual, social, institutional, and societal barriers and facilitators of HIV testing and linkage to care. Of 14 participants from 9 different African countries, 9 were women and the median age was 44 years (interquartile range: 42-50). Participants described fear of discovery by immigration authorities as a substantial barrier to HIV testing and linking to initial medical appointments. Actual and perceived structural barriers to both testing and care linkage included difficulty obtaining health insurance and a belief that undocumented immigrants are ineligible for any health services. Participants also expressed reluctance to be tested because of HIV-related stigma within the immigrant communities that they heavily relied on. After diagnosis, however, participants overwhelmingly described a positive role of health and social service providers in facilitating linkage to HIV care. Concerns about immigration status and HIV-related stigma are significant barriers to HIV testing and linkage to care among undocumented African immigrants. Multilevel efforts to reduce stigma and increase awareness of available services could enhance rates of HIV testing and care linkage in this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.