Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31193709›Full record

ArticleEClinicalMedicine2018

Effectiveness of 23-Valent Polysaccharide Pneumococcal Vaccine and Changes in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Incidence from 2000 to 2017 in Those Aged 65 and Over in England and Wales.

Abdelmajid Djennad, Mary E Ramsay, Richard Pebody, Norman K Fry, Carmen Sheppard, Shamez N Ladhani, Nick J Andrews

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pneumococcal Vaccine for Adults Aged ≥19 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2023.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2023
    Guideline
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16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Abdelmajid DjennadStatistics, Modelling, and Economics Department, Public Health England, London, UK.
Mary E RamsayImmunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England - National Infection Service, London, UK.
Richard PebodyRespiratory Department, Public Health England, London, UK.
Norman K FryImmunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England - National Infection Service, London, UK.
Carmen SheppardRespiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK.
Shamez N LadhaniImmunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England - National Infection Service, London, UK.
Nick J AndrewsStatistics, Modelling, and Economics Department, Public Health England, London, UK.
Public Health England · GBSt George's, University of London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInvasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) is a major public health concern. The effectiveness of 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23) against IPD in older age-groups is not fully understood. We measured PPV23 effectiveness against IPD and interpreted changes in IPD incidence between 2000 and 2017.

methodsPublic Health England conducts enhanced national IPD surveillance in England and Wales. The indirect cohort method was used to estimate PPV23 effectiveness against IPD in individuals aged ≥ 65 years eligible for PPV23 vaccination during 2012-2016. IPD incidence in 2016/17 was compared to rates during 2000-2003, when neither PPV23 nor pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) were routinely used in England and Wales.

findingsPPV23 effectiveness, irrespective of time since vaccination, was 27% (95% CI, 17-35) after adjusting for age, co-morbidity and year of infection. Vaccine effectiveness reduced non-significantly (p = 0.13) with time since vaccination, from 41% (95% CI, 23-54) for those vaccinated within two years, to 34% (95% CI, 16-48) for those vaccinated 2-4 years previously, and 23% (95% CI, 12-32) for those vaccinated ≥ 5 years previously. Vaccine effectiveness did not vary significantly by age but was highest in previously healthy individuals (45%; 95%CI, 27-59). IPD incidence for PPV23 serotypes not included in the PCVs did not decrease after routine PPV23 use but increased significantly since PCV introduction in 2006.

interpretationPPV23 offers moderate short-term protection against IPD in older adults. PPV23 serotypes comprise an increasing proportion of IPD cases in older adults because of serotype replacement following routine PCV use in children.

fundingEuropean Union's Horizon 2020.

Indexed as

Broome methodEffectivenessImpactPneumococcal polysaccharide vaccinePPV23Trends

Identifiers

PMID31193709
PMCPMC6537583
OpenAlexW2906913949

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.