ArticleSSM - population health2019
The medicalization of sleeplessness: Results of U.S. office visit outcomes, 2008-2015.
Article in SSM - population health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improvement in Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms Following an Internet-based Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Insomnia: An Open Trial among Rural Appalachian Women.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2023Trial
- The Prognostic Nutritional Index as a Lifeline for Cardiovascular Health in Individuals With Insomnia: A Prospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- "No rest for me tonight": A social-ecological exploration of insomnia in rural Appalachian women.Sleep health · 2025Article
- Acupoint massage: a comprehensive descriptive review of its forms, applications, and underlying mechanisms.Chinese medicine · 2025Review
- A comprehensive review of discovery and development of drugs discovered from 2020-2022.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024Review
- Assessment of Insomnia Among Emergency Department Physicians in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia, 2023.Cureus · 2023Article
- Dietary Intake of Flavonoids Associated with Sleep Problems: An Analysis of Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2010.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Examining the barriers and recommendations for integrating more equitable insomnia treatment options in primary care.Frontiers in sleep · 2023Article
- Co-prescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines/Z-drugs associated with all-cause mortality-A population-based longitudinal study in primary care with weak opioids most commonly prescribed.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- The pharmaceuticalisation of life? A fictional case report of insomnia with a thought experiment.Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM · 2021Article
- Effects of Electroacupuncture on Sleep via the Dopamine System of the HPA Axis in Rats after Cage Change.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Article
- Determinants of Sleep Medication Use among Participants in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2020Article
- Evaluating the Feasibility and Acceptability of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Rural Women.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Appalachian Women: A Pilot Study.Behavioral sleep medicineArticle
- Comorbidities and Risk Factors Associated With Insomnia in the Elderly Population.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous analysis of U.S. physician office visits (1993-2007) indicated that the medicalization of sleeplessness was on the rise and had potentially negative implications for population health. Our study asks if the medicalization of sleeplessness at the level of patient-physician interaction has persisted over time. Using the most recent years available (2008-2015) of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey we calculated nationally representative estimates for four sleeplessness-related outcomes of physician office visits: sleeplessness complaint, insomnia diagnosis, and prescription of benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics (NBSH). To test for the significance of the linear trajectory, we ran a series of bivariate linear models. We tested three hypotheses grounded in the medicalization framework: if the medicalization of sleeplessness at the interactional level is continuing at a rate comparable to previous analyses, sleeplessness-related outcomes will continue to increase significantly over time (Hypothesis 1); NBSH prescriptions and insomnia diagnoses will continue to outpace sleeplessness complaints (Hypothesis 2); and insomnia diagnoses and use of sedative-hypnotics will increase or remain concentrated among age groups who lack the changing sleep patterns and commonly occurring comorbidities associated with older age (Hypothesis 3). Support for these hypotheses was mixed. Unlike previous analyses wherein all sleeplessness-related outcome trends were positive and statistically significant over time, regression analyses revealed a significant
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.