SynthesisBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2019
Population attributable fraction of leading non-communicable cardiovascular diseases due to leisure-time physical inactivity: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Translating Observational Data Into Public Health Action: Reducing Early Childhood Caries Burden Related to Socioeconomic Disparities.Community dentistry and oral epidemiology · 2026Article
- The acute and chronic effects of local aerobic exercise on cardiovascular physiology.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- The 6 pillars of lifestyle medicine and headache disability in Brazil: a cross-sectional, population-based study.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Randomized trial of a digital therapeutics intervention to enhance affective response during physical activity: Protocol for the eMOTION study.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- The 6 Pillars of Lifestyle Medicine and Prevalence of Cardiovascular and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study Involving 88,531 Adults.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Article
- The interplay of physical activity and smoking with metabolic syndrome and its components in the STEPS survey.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Implementation of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of hypertension in primary care: a narrative review of effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, barriers, and facilitators.BMC primary care · 2022Review
- Article
- Design and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess the Leisure Time Physical Activity of Adult Women in Gipuzkoa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Acute cardiac autonomic and haemodynamic responses to leg and arm isometric exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Article
- Unhealthy lifestyles, environment, well-being and health capability in rural neighbourhoods: a community-based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Physical Activity Habits and Determinants, Sedentary Behaviour and Lifestyle in University Students.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to investigate the methods used for estimating the population attributable fraction (PAF) to leisure-time physical inactivity (PI) of coronary artery diseases, hypertension and stroke in order to provide the best available estimate for PAF.
designSystematic review. DATA SOURCES: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were searched from inception to August 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: This review included prospective cohort studies, with men and women aged ≥18 years old, investigating the PAF attributable to leisure-time PI related to coronary artery diseases, hypertension and stroke.
resultsThe PAF estimates of the three studies included were 13% (3%-22%) for 'stage-1 hypertension' subtype incidence due to 'non-regular exercise'; 25% (10.4%-35.8%) for 'stage-2 hypertension' subtype incidence due to 'activity of daily living' and 'vigorous-intensity sports'; and 8.5% (1.7%-16.7%) for 'total: fatal and non-fatal' cardiovascular events of 'incidence and mortality' endpoints due to non-accumulation of 550 kcal/week (subsets not specified).
conclusionsThe PAF estimate exhibited a protective dose-response relationship between hypertension and an increased amount of energy expenditure of leisure-time PI. In order to enhance accuracy of PAF estimates, the following steps are recommended: (1) to clearly define and state the working definition of leisure-time PI and dose using a reliable and valid objective measurement tool; (2) use a clear definition of outcome subtypes and endpoints using reliable and valid objective measures; and (3) estimate PAF using modelling techniques based on prospective data and ensuring to report 95% CI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.