ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Bacterial Protein Toll-Like-Receptor Agonists: A Novel Perspective on Vaccine Adjuvants.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment ofOpen veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Designing a novel therapeutic candidate vaccine for HPV16 using immunoinformatics approach: Targeting E6 and E7 epitopes with TLR4 agonist integration.BioImpacts : BI · 2026Article
- In silico design and characterization of a novel multi-epitope mRNA vaccine candidate against Streptococcus pneumoniae.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular assessment of the HIV pol gene and use of computational vaccine design targeting Pakistani isolates.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Precision Adjuvant Strategies in Vaccine Development for Substance Use Disorders: Variability and Mechanistic Insights.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- From genetic code to global health: the impact of nucleic acid vaccines on disease prevention and treatment.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- A modular mRNA vaccine platform encoding antigen-presenting capsid virus-like particles enhances the immunogenicity of the malaria antigen Pfs25.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Article
- Screening helper T lymphocyte epitopes based on IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio for developing a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate using Wolbachia surface protein as an adjuvant against visceral leishmaniasis.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Design and Expression ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Differential Adjuvant Activity by Flagellins fromVaccines · 2024Article
- Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is the major pattern recognition receptor triggering the protective effect of amSphere · 2024Article
- In silico designing of novel epitope-based peptide vaccines against HIV-1.Biotechnology letters · 2024Article
- In Silico Analysis of a Candidate Multi-epitope Peptide Vaccine Against Human Brucellosis.Molecular biotechnology · 2024Article
- Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks activate endosomal Toll-like receptors and potentiate immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimer.Science advances · 2024Article
- Development and immunological evaluation of an mRNA-based vaccine targeting Naegleria fowleri for the treatment of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Enhancing cell-mediated immunity through dendritic cell activation: the role of Tri-GalNAc-modified PLGA-PEG nanoparticles encapsulating SR717.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The adjuvant BcfA activates antigen presenting cells through TLR4 and supports TFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Harnessing synthetic biology for advancing RNA therapeutics and vaccine design.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2023Review
- Multi-epitope vaccine candidates based on mycobacterial membrane protein large (MmpL) proteins againstOpen biology · 2023Article
- Interplay of Chemokines Receptors, Toll-like Receptors, and Host Immunological Pathways.Biomedicines · 2023Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adjuvants have been used in vaccines for over a century, however, the search for safe and effective vaccine adjuvants continues. In recent decades toll-like-receptor (TLR) agonists have been investigated as potential vaccine adjuvants. In this regard, the majority of the currently investigated TLR agonists are non-protein microbial components such as lipopolysaccharides, oligonucleotides, and lipopeptides. On the other hand, a growing number of studies reveal that TLR signaling and immune responses can be activated by numerous bacterial proteins. However, their potential roles as adjuvants have been somewhat overlooked. Herein, we discuss several such bacterial proteins which exhibit adjuvant properties, including the activation of TLR signaling, antigen presenting cell maturation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and adaptive immune response. The protein nature of these TLR agonists presents several unique features not shared by non-protein TLR agonists. These properties include the amenability for modifying the structure and function as necessary for optimal immunogenicity and minimal toxicity. Protein adjuvants can be genetically fused to protein antigens which ensure the co-delivery of adjuvant-antigen not only into the same cell but also in the same endocytic cargo, leading to more effective activation of innate and adaptive immune response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.